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Gizogiri va sabzishi maysa

Muhlati kishti maysa: Hangomi chashidani tami tukhmi nasabzida (baroi muqoisa), sipas doni neshzadai jav, gandum yo javdor, shumo ba andak shirin budani tukhmi neshzada bovari hosil mekuned. Zero hangomi sabzishi tukhm ohari endospermi tukhm az tasiri ob va moddahoi makhsus ba kand tabdil meyobad. Sipas, qand dar shakli mahluli obi ba janin dokhil meshavad. Hujayrahoi reshacha, poyacha va mugjai janin az in mahlul gizo girifta, boshiddat taqsim meshavand va sabzida ba maysa tabdil meyoband.

Dar tukhmpallai rastanihoi dupalla (lubiyo, nakhud) moddahoi gizoy zakhira shudaand va be onho naviihol dar davrahoi avvali sabzishash nashunamo karda nametavonad. Agar yak tukhmpallaro buri- da partoem, dar nihol faqat nisfi moddahoi gizoi boqi memonand va nihol az nokifoyagii gizo nihoyat sust nashunamo mekunad.

Dar vaqti burida partoftani endospermi tukhmi rastanihoi yakpalla yo dupalla navniholi onho az nashunamo boz monda nobud megardad. Zero nihol az istifodai moddahoi gizoii endosperm mahrum meshavad.

Baroi kisht odatan tukhmi kalon-kalonro intikhob mekunand. Zero har chi qadar tukhm kalon boshad, dar on mikdori moddahoi gizoi ziyod buda, on ba sabzishi khubi niholho musoidat mekunad.

Dar natijai taqsimshavii boavju inkishofi hujayrahoi janin sabzish va ba maysa tabdil yoftani on surat megirad. Nisbat ba digar uzvhoi janin az hama avval reshacha paydo shuda, tez inkishof meyobad va dar zamin bo zudi mustahkam meshavad. Odatan dar maysai rastanikhoi yakpalla yakchand resha inkishof meyobad. Niholi rastanihoi dupalla yak reshai asosi doshta, vay sonitar shokha meronad va gafs gardida, ba tirresha tabdil meyobad.

CHi tavre ki shumo allakay medoned, baroi tukhmhoi sabzidaistoda ob, havo (oksigen) va garmi hatman zarur ast. Binobar on bo muayyan kardanu rioya namudani muhlati kisht mavjudiyati in sharoithoi zaruriro tamin kardan mumkin ast. Masalan, bahori barvaqt, agarchande dar zamin zakhirai farovoni obi boronu barf mavjud boshad ham, dar in vaqt khok ba qadri lozimi garm nashudaast. Hol on ki tukhmi na har rastaniro dar zamini sard koridan mumkin ast. Dar beshtari holatho faqat tukhmi rastanihoi sarmotobovar (gandumi bahori, zagir, suli, javdor, mushung) – ro dar avvali bahor mekorand. Zero baroi sabzishi in qabil rastaniho harorati nisbatan past va namii kifoyakunanda darkor ast.

Hangome ki zamin ba qadri kifoya garm meshavad, tukhmi rastanihoi garmidust yo ba garmi sertalabro kisht mekunand.

Vale haminro ba nazar giriftan lozim ast, ki tukhmi rastanihoi garmidust, az qabili juvorimakka, lubiyo, bodiring, kadu, kharbuza, pomidoryro ham der koshtan mumkin nest. Azbaski oftob ruz az ruz garmtar meshavad va in boisi boz khushktar gardidani zamin megardad, binobar on kishti bemahali in ziroatho metavonad boisi kamhosilii onho gardad. Dar aksari holatho hamin ki zamin 10-15 daraja garm shavad, harchi qadar teztar tukhmi rastanihoi garmidustro koshtan zarur ast. Agar muhlati kisht der shavad, tukhm ba zamini khushk aftida, sust mesabzad va boisi kam shudani hosil megardad.

Az in ru, rioyai qatii muhlat va qoidahoi sarivaqtii kisht baroi nashunamoi khubi ziroatkho va afzudani hosili onkho ahami- yati kalon dorad.

  1. Hangomi sabzishi tukhm janin moddahoi gizoiro az kujo megirad?
  2. Niholi lubiyo, ki az yak yo du tukhmpallaash mahrum shudaast, chi tavr nashunamo mekunad?
  3. CHaro maysai javdore, ki endospermashro burida dur kar- daand, nobud meshavad?
  4. CHaro baroi kisht tukhmhoi kalon-kalonro intikhob mekunand?
  5. CHaro tukhmi rastanihoi gunogunro dar muhlathoi gunogun mekorand?

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