GOMEOPATIYA

GOMEOPATIYA (Homeopathia; az yun. homoios – shabeh, monand va pathos – bemori), tarzi muolijaest, ki ba qonuniyati «shabehro bo shabehash tabobat mekunand» («qonuni shabohat») asos yoftaast. Muvofiqi in qoida hangomi muolija voyai andaki on doruhoero, ki dar surati istemoli voyai ziyod boisi paydoishi alomathoi ba bemori monand meshavand, istifoda mebarand.
Az «qonuni shabohat» qonuni duyumi G. – zarurati tadqiqi tasiri voyai gayrimuolijavii moddaho dar odamoni solim (bo maqsadi aniq kardani «patogenezi» doruho) barmeoyad. Az qoidai seyumi G. malum megardad, ki guyo miqdori nihoyat kami modda dar mahlul yo dar soidaash bo qandi shir, doroi tasiri afzun va «quvvai nihoni»-i makhsus ast; az in ru baroi tabobat boyad az voyai nihoyat khurdi vasoiti dorui istifoda shavad («qonuni voyai khurd»).
G.-ro s. 1796 dukhturi nemis Ganemann biduni hej daleli shifobakhshi voyai doruhoe, ki khudi u tavsiya karda bud, peshnihod namud. u dar kitobi «Organoni sanati tib» (1810) aqidahoi purikhtilofi khudro inkishof doda, chizhoi shubhanokro chun daleli boetimod ovardaast. Ganemann bemoriro ikhtiloli «quvvai hayoti»-e mepindosht, ki ba on tasir rasonidan, gayriimkon ast. Binobar in u jonibdori muolijai faqat alomathoi alohidai bemori bud. Ganemann ba qadamhoi avvalini ilmi, ki dorushinosiro dar zinai khimiya va fiziologiya meguzosht, muqobil baromad.
Baroi dar bisyor mamlakatho gustarish yoftani G. taraqqiyoti susti ilmi tib dar a. 18 va avv. a. 19 musoidat namud. Dar ibtidoi mavjudiyati khud G. andake ahamiyat niz dosht. Zero uslubi tabobati hamonvaqtaro, ki az khungirii takror ba takror, istifodai shulluk, huqna, dogmoni va istemoli barziyodi doruhoi qayovaru mushil bemoron beholat meshudand, sakht tanqid mekard. Ba paydoishi G. «buhroni khosi terapiya»-i hamonvaqta niz to darajae kumak rasond. Ba targiboti G. faoliyati ruirosti Ganemann, ki maqolaho navishta, usulhoi tabobati tibbi zamonaviro nah mezad, musoidat namud.
Ganemann prinsipi asosii G. («shabehro bo shabeh boyad muolija kard») – ro ba hama usulhoi ananavii muolija, ki az rui aqidai u ba prinsipi «tabobat bo muqobil» asos yoftaast, zid guzosht. Prinsipi duyuminro u baraksi G. allopatiya nomid.
Dar Rossiya G. az okh. s-hoi 20 – 30 a. 19 shuhrat yoft. Ba jamiyati gomeopatho shakhsoni az tib bekhabar dokhil meshudand. Namoyandagoni peshqadami tibbi rus, az jumla Pirogov N.I. oid ba G. nazari manfi doshtand. Tajribai ganii tibbi ilmiyu amali «qonuni shabehro» tasdiq nakard.
Dar tuli sadho sol G. va dogmahoi on digargun nashudand. G. dastovardhoi buzurgi farmakologiyai tajribaviyu klinikiro rad karda, misli peshtara uslubhoi noqisi tadqiqoti vasoiti doruiro targib menamoyad. CHunonchi, G. hangomi tavsiyai doruhoi minerali baze malumotro az khimiya, toksikologiya va tibbi ilmiyu kliniki istifoda mebarad, ammo tarzi tasiri mavodi dorui dar on voyae, ki G. peshnihod mekunad, hanuz tadqiq va isbot karda nashudaast.
Gomeopatho zarurati istifodai khimioterapiya, mas., doruhoi sulfanilamidi va antibiotikhoro hangomi gazaki shush, ufunat va g. etirof mekunand va bovar dorand, ki mushtarak ba kor burdani khimioterapiya va gomeoterapiya jarayoni bemoriro behtar megardonad. Gayr az in, gomeopatho jonibdori onand, ki agar tabobati gomeopati dar asnoi baze bemorihoi vaznin (amrozi dilu ragho, ziqi nafas va g.) benatija boshad, pas boyad az vasoiti tibbi ilmi voyai mamulii doruho istifoda burda shavand. SHoyad sababi dar baze mamlakatho to holo mamul budani G. dar hamin boshad. Baze dukhturon mutaqidand, ki G. «magzi ratsionali» dorad; dukhturoni digar, onro ba manfiati khud kor mefarmoyand. Bino ba aqidai dukhturi marufi shuravi B.E. Votchal nodida giriftani tasiri ruhnavozi G. nodurust ast. u baroi tasdiqi aqida chunin misolho ovardaast: hangomi stenokardiya istemoli yagon moddai bezarare, ki zohiran ba doru monand buda, vale tasiri onro nadorad, bazan hissi dardro bartaraf mekunad; dardi sakhti badi jarrohi az istifodai yagon vositai tamoman beasar raf meshavad va g.
Baze holathoi az dorui gomeopatho shifo yoftan, marizro vodor mesozad, ki ba G. ikhlos paydo kunad. Mutaassifona chunin raftori onho tavajjuhi odamoni giriftori bemorii jiddiro az tabobati sarivaqti dur karda, boisi vaznin shudani marizi, bazan holati baroi hayot khatarnok megardad.
Usulhoi gomeopatii muolija dar bemorkhonahoi Angliya va Fransiya borho az sanjish guzashtaand. Malumoti girdovarda faqat yak chiz – tasirbakhsh nabudani G.-ro nishon medodand. Muvofiqi aqidai bisyor olimon doruhoi gomeopati beshtar tasiri ruhi merasonand. Bo maqsadi peshgirii oqibati noguvori baze bemoriho (mas., sil, bemorihoi siroyati, saraton va g.) dukhturoni gomeopat boyad ba muolijai onho dast nazanand.