GIL

GIL, jinsi kuhii tahshinie, ki asosan az mineralhoi gili, yane kaolinit, montmorillonit, gidroabraq tarkib yoftaast. Dar tarkibi G. zarrachahoi jinshoi gunoguni kuhi niz duchor meshavand. Tarkibi khimiyavii G. asosan az SiO2 (30 – 70%), Al2O3 (10 – 40%), H2O (5 – 10%) va TiO2, Na2O, K2O, MgO, Fe2O3, FeO, CaO iborat ast. Aksar navhoi G. bo ob zud omekhtavu giloba meshavand. Hamirai G.-ro ba har shakl darovardan mumkin ast. G.-i pukhta misli sang sakht meshavad. G.-ho namkash, jazbi (adsorbsiyavi), otashbardor yo dergudoz ham hastand. G.-hoi otashbardor va dergudozro gilbuta yo G.-i buta meguyand.
G.-ho metavonand doroi mavodi harkhela boshand, ki in az nomi onho niz ayyon ast. Mas., G.-i shur (namaksang yo gallit dorad), gilgach (doroi gach ast), gilohak, rukhomgil va g. Hamchunin G.-horo vobasta ba rangashon nom mebarand: G.-i safed (kaolin), safedkhoka (G.-hoi kaoliniti), G.-i surkh yo magra (okhra), G.-i zard (G.-i sanam), G.-i khokistari, G.-i sabz, G.-i gulobi, G.-i siyoh, G.-i kabud, G.-i dorchini va g. Bisyor G.-ho tibqi mahalli paydoishi khud nom giriftaand: G.-i armani, G.-i samosi, G.-i qubrusi, G.-i nishopuri, G.-i khurosoni, G.-i Buhayra, G.-i mastiko, G.-i iqtiris va g. Hamchunin baze nomho in yo on khususiyati G.-horo ifoda mekunand, mas., sirishgil, simgil, G.-i khushbuy, G.-i kirmi, G.-i sarshu, G.-i jazbi, G.-i hurr, gilmoya, gilbuta, gilsang va g. G.-hoi khurdaniro mardumi mo gilmoya meguyand.
G. az qadim dar tibbi mardumi va rusumii kishvarhoi SHarq, az jumla dar bayni tabiboni mardumi tojik khele mamul bud. Solhoi okhir pajuhishhoi anvoi G.-i sarzamini tojikon ravnaqi toza yoftand. Alhol anvoi mukhtalifi G., ki az mintaqahoi gunoguni jumhuri jamovari shudaand, mavridi tahqiqi makhsusi olimon (tahti sarvarii prof. Halifaev D. R.) qaror giriftaast. Bahri amali gashtani on khimikho, olimoni tib, giyohshinoson, tabiboni khalqi, donishmandoni sohahoi zaminshinosi, madanshinosi va g. jalb shudaand. Nig. niz Gildavoi.
Ad.: Halifaev D.R., Hojimatov M., Masoili gil va imkonoti istifodai on dar amaliyai tib. Dar kit.: Padidahoi sanati dorusozi va tibbi mardumi, j. 1, D., 2001; Hamon muallifon, Gil va gildavoi, D., 2002; Glini, ikh mineralogiya, svoystva i prakticheskoe znachenie, M., 1970; Halifaev D.R., Mikroelementniy analiz bentonitovikh glin Tadjikistana. Dar kit.: Problemi farmasii Tadjikistana, D., 1991.

D. Halifaev