GASTROENTEROLOGIYA

GASTROENTEROLOGIYA (az gastro…, yun. enteron – ruda va …logiya), fasli bemorihoi daruni, ki sokht, vazifa, bemorii uzvhoi hozima, usulhoi tashkhisi bemori, tabobat va peshgirii onhoro meomuzad. Bemorihoi uzvhoi hozima az qadim malumand. Hanuz Buqrot doir ba parhezshifoi aqidae bayon karda bud, ki on dar inkishofi G. ahamiyati kalon dosht.
YAke az faslhoi kitobi «Al-Qonun»-i Abualii Sino ba meda va holathoi on bakhshida shudaast. Dar on oid ba bemoriho va khunshorii surkhnoy, mizoji meda, ofathoi meda, ki gayrimizojiand, badmizoji, dard va notavonii meda, ofatho va zafi guvorish, durushti va sakhtii meda, khun qay kardan va g. malumoti jolib mavjud meboshad. Abuali Sino dar robita ba holati jigar niz bisyor masalahoi muhimro sharh dodaast. Aqidahoi u dar bayoni tashrehi jigar, bemorihoi jigar va muolijai onho, chizhoi baroi jigar ziyonkor, zaf va suddahoi jigar, sababhoi khurdii jigar va g. to imruz mohiyati kheshro gum nakardaand.
Dar natijai tadqiqoti olimi avstriyagi K. Rokitanskiy, olimi fransavi SH. Kryuvele va dig. (nimai avv. a. 19) dar sohai anatomiyai etiloli va ba tartib darovardani bisyor bemorihoi azoi hozima (resh va saratoni meda, sirrozi jigar va g.) G. hamchun ilmi alohida ba vujud omad. Dar rivoju ravnaqi G. olimoni fransavi R. Laeppek, J. Delafua, V.SH. Giko va dig. sahmi nazarras guzoshtaand. Badi dar amaliya istifoda shudani zondhoi gafs (1867; olimi nemis A. Kusmaul) va borik (1911; dukhturi nemis M. Eynkhorn va amrikoi V. Layon) baroi tadqiqi amiqi faoliyati meda va bemorihoi rohi talkha sharoiti musoid faroham omad. Rushdu inkishofi usulhoi rentgenologi boshand, baroi muqarrar sokhtani illathoi azoi hozima musoidat namudand. Korbasti usulhoi tadqiqi asbobi dar amaliyai klinikii muosir – gastroskopiya, ezofagoskopiya, laparoskopiya, rektoromanoskopiya, radioindikatsiya, radiotelemetriya va g. imkoniyathoi tashkhisotro dar sohai G. afzun namudand.
Dar peshrafti G. sahmi olimoni rus va shuravi – I.P. Pavlov, S.P. Botkin, V.P. Obrastsov, M.P. Konchalovskiy, M.I. Pevzner, A.L. Myasnikov, E.M. Tareev, N.V. Konovalov va dig. niz nazarras ast.
Dar Tojikiston G. ba manoi haqiqi badi tashkil shudani instituti tadqiqoti ilmii makhsus, ki dar Ittihodi SHuravi nakhustin bud, tashakkul yoftaast. S. 1965 dar zaminai SHubai klinikii In-ti tibbi kishvari In-ti gastroenterologiya tasis doda shud. Olimoni institut bisyor masalahoi G.-ro mavridi tadqiq qaror dodand. Bo kushishi gepatologhoi jumhuri usuli biopsiyai suzanii jigar ba roh monda shud, ki dar in joda komyobii buzurg bud. Dar bemorkhonahoi sh.-hoi Dushanbe, Hujand, Istaravshan, Kulob va Norak shubahoi makhsusi gastroenterologi tasis yoftand. Dar jumhuri az s. 1990 majallai «Problemi gastroenterologii» ba tab merasad. Dar rivoju ravnaqi G. sahmi olimoni tojik H.H. Mansurov, G.Q. Mirojov, F.H. Mansurova va dig. kalon meboshad.