GADUDI ZERI MEDA

GADUDI ZERI MEDA (Pancreas), gadudi azoi hozima, ki shira hosil mekunad; G.hamzamon faoliyati endokrini niz dorad. Dar qismi boloi shikam, dar sathi muhrahoi I – II kamar joy giriftaast. G. shakli darozruya doshta, az qismi sar, tana va dum iborat ast. Daroziash 14 – 23 sm, barash 3 – 7,5 sm (dar qismi sar), pahnii tanaash 2 – 5 sm, dumash 0,3 – 3,4 sm; vaznash 60 – 115 g. Beshtarin qismi parenkhimai G. (bakhshi ekzokrini) fermenthoi baroi hozima muhim ikhroj mekunad. Onho ba majroi G., ki dar qismi intiho bo majroi umumii talkha hamroh meshavad, vorid megardand. Qismi kamtarini G. (bakhshi endokrini) dar shakli jazirachahoi khurd (jazirachahoi Langergans) gird omada, ba parenkhimai qismi ekzokrini zarra-zarra mepayvandad. Jazirachahoi Langergans az guruhi hujayrahoi tarashshuhi (insulositho) tashakkul yoftaast. CHahor navi hujayrahoro judo mekunand: α – hujayraho, ki insulin, β – hujayraho, ki glyukagon,  – hujayraho, ki somatostatin, RR – hujayraho, ki polipeptidi pankreatini hosil mekunand.
Asabhoi G. az boftahoi jigar, sipurz, shikam va qismi boloi mosoriqa meoyand; shokhahoi asabi gumroh niz dar kori bo asab tamin namudani G. ishtirok mekunand. G.-ro arteriyahoi jigar, mosoriqai bolo va sipurz bo khun tamin mesozand. Huni venavi ba venai daromadgohi jigar jori meshavad.
Hujayrahoi qismi ekzokrinii G. shirai pankreatini hosil mekunand, ki doroi fermenthoi gunogun buda, safeda, ravgan va angishtobhoro hazm menamoyad. Fermenthoi asosii on (tripsinogen va khimotripsinogen) faol nestand (onho dar rudai duvozdahangushta zeri tasiri enterokinazaho ba tripsin va khimotripsin tabdil meyobad). SHirai pankreatini dar natijai tasiri angezahoi reflekshoi sharti (mas., bui taom) va gayrisharti (mas., khoidan, furu dodan) judo meshavad.
Vazifai tarashshuhi dokhilii G. az gormonhoi insulin va glyukagon hosil kardani jazirachahoi Langergans iborat ast. Gormonhoi mazkur mubodilai karbogidrathoro tanzim menamoyand. Jazirachaho hamchunin somatostatin va polipeptidi pankreatini hosil mekunand, ki ba faoliyati uzvhoi hozima tasir merasonand. Dar mavridi khalal yoftani faoliyati jazirachahoi Langergans bemorii diabeti qandi ba vujud meoyad.
G.-ro bo usulhoi laboratori, rentgenologi, asbobhoi gunogun muoina mekunand. Dar surati bemorihoi G. dar sari dil va zeri qaburgai chap dard paydo meshavad, shikam meravad, zafarma rukh menamoyad; bemor beholat va kharob shuda, alomathoi diabeti qandii duyum ba vujud meoyand.
Ba faoliyati G. rioya nakardani nizomi tagziya (bisyor istemol namudani gizoi serravgan, tund, mashruboti spirtdor), bemorihoi sangi talkhadon, kholesistit, mukovistsidoz va g. tasiri nomatlub merasonand.
Dar G. bemoriyu osebhoi gunogun ba mushohida merasand, mas., amrozi iltihobi, angali (paraziti), kista, nosur, sang paydo kardan, ikhtiloli khungardish, amrozi kasbi, omosho va g. Bemorii iltihobii mamuli G. pankreatiti shadid va muzmin ast. G. hangomi bemorihoi sil, sifilis, baze bemorihoi siroyati (mas., parotiti vogir) niz illat meyobad. Az bemorihoi paraziti dar on opistorkhoz, ekhinokokkoz duchor meoyand. G. ahyonan sang paydo mekunad; nishonahoi on ba bemorii sangi talkhadon yo pankreatiti shadid monand ast. Ba omoshoi gayrisaratonii G. adenoma, sistadenoma, fibroma, lipoma, navrinoma mansuband. Az omoshoi khabis beshtar saraton duchor meoyad.
Nig. niz Uzvhoi hozima.
Ad.: Eyngorn A.G., Patalogicheskaya anatomiya i patologicheskaya fiziologiya, M., 1983; Loginov A.V., Fiziologiya s osnovami anatomii cheloveka, M., 1983; Vorobyova E.A. (va dig.), Anatomiya i fiziologiya, M., 1987. Abdurahmonov F.A., Atlas-uchebnik po funksionalnoy anatomii cheloveka, j. 1 – 2, D., 2006, 2008.
KL
Rasmi 1. Majroi jigar va gadudi zeri meda. Samti harakati usora (moe) bo tircha ishora karda shudaast: 1 – talkhadon; 2 – majroi talkha; 3 – majroi umumii jigar; 4 – majroi umumii talkhadon; 5 – majroi gadudi zeri meda; 6 – rudai duvozdahangushta.
Rasmi 2. Topografiya va halqamushakhoi majroi umumii talkha va majroi gadudi zeri meda: (namud az aqib): 1 – majroi umumii jigar; 2 – majroi talkhadon; 3 – gardanai talkhadon; 4 – tanai talkhadon; 5 – majroi umumii talkha; 6 – qari talkhadon; 7 – rudai duvozdahangushta; 8 – halqamushaki majroi umumii talkhadon; 9 – majroi gadudi zeri meda va halqamushaki on; 10 – halqamushaki ampulai jigaru gadudi zeri meda; 11 – sifoq (shikamparda); 12 – saraki gadudi zeri meda; 13 – venai mosoriqai bolo; 14 – arteriyai mosoriqai bolo; 15 – dumi gadudi zeri meda; 16 – tanai gadudi zeri meda; 17 – venai sipurz; 18 – venai daromadgohi jigar.
F. A. Abdurahmonov.