FAYLHO VA PAPKAHORO DAR KOMPYUTER

Bo mafhumhoi faylho va katalogho mo az sistemai operatsionii MS DOS shinos hastem. Hamchunin ba mo malum ast, ki faylho va katalogho dar diskho joygir karda meshavand. Mafhumhoi fayl va katalogro dar sistemai Windows beshtar hujjat va papka nom mebarand. Aniqtarash, ba hujjatho faylhoi matni, grafiki, musiqi, sadoi, tasviri videoi va ba inho monand dokhil meshavand. In guna faylho bo yorii programmahoe sokhta meshavand, ki onhoro programma–tahrirgarho menomand. Masalan, hujjathoi matni bo yorii tahrirgarhoi matni (ba misli Leksikon, Microsoft Word) sokhta meshavand. Hujjathoi grafiki boshand, bo yorii tahrirgaroni garfiki (masalan, Paint) sokhta meshavand.

Faylhoe, ki matni programmahoro dar bar giriftaand, faylhoi programmavi yo khud programma nomida meshavand. In guna faylho odatan bo yorii yagon zaboni algoritmi sokhta meshavand. Ba gayr az in, boz faylhoe mavjudand, ki onho akhboroti makhsusro dar bar megirand. Masalan, faylhoi hurufi nomidashavanda, yagon namud hurufro dar bar megirand.

Hamin tariq, dar sistemai Windows mafhumhoi navi az MS DOS farqkunanda – papka, hujjat, programmatahrirgar, faylhoi hurufi va gayra istifoda burda meshavand. Farqiyati digari sistemai operatsionii Windows az sistemai MS DOS az on iborat ast, ki dar MS DOS qismi asosii nomi faylho az 8 alomat ziyod shuda nametavonist, vale dar Windows boshad, onho to 255 alomatro dar bar girifta metavonand. Ba sifati simvolhoi nomho na tanho harfhoi alifboi lotini, balki harfhoi kalonu khurdi alifboi rusi va baze simvolhoi makhsusu raqamhoro niz istifoda burdan mumkin ast. Qismi ilovagii nomi faylho chun dar MS DOS to se alomatro dar bar girifta metavonad.

Hotirrason menamoem, ki fayl – in yagon sohai nomdori disk ast, ki dar on yagon miqdori informatsiya sabt yoftaast.

Papkaho boshand, baroi ba tanzim ovardani faylho istifoda burda meshavand. Papkaho niz ba misli faylho nomguzori karda meshavand, vale onho dar nomashon qismi ilovagi nadorand. Papkahoi Windows, dar navbati khud, metavonand boz zerpapkahoro dar bar girand.

Tarzi nigohdorii faylhoro dar diskhoi kompyuter sis- temai fayli meguyand. Faylho odatan dar dokhili yagon papka nigoh doshta meshavand. Papka dar navbati khud metavonad obekti yagon papkai digar boshad yo digar papkaro dar bar girifta boshad. Tarzi joygirshavii papkahoro dar dokhili hamdigar ierarkhiyai papkaho meguyand. Sokhtori ierarkhii nigohdorii faylu papkahoro dar diskho boshad, sokhtori fayli nom mebarand. Ba misli MS DOS dar Windows niz vositahoi puriqtidori idorakunii sokhtori fayli mavjud ast. Amaliyoti asosie, ki bo sokhtori fayli meguzaronand, inhoyand:

•  aznazarguzaronii (navigatsiya) sokhtori fayli;
•  bakordarorii programmaho va kushodani hujjatho;
•  sokhtani papkaho;
•  nuskhabardorii faylu papkaho;
•  joyivazkunii faylu papkaho;
•  nestkunii faylu papkaho;
•  nomivazkunii faylu papkaho.

Garchande faylu kataloghoi DOS va hujjatu papkahoi Windows mazmunan yak chiz boshand ham, vale tekhnologiyai korkardi onho az hamdigar farqi jiddi dorand. Dar Windows har guna amaliyot khele oddi ijro karda meshavad, ki bo onho dar mavzuhoi oyanda shinos khohem shud.

 Savolho:

1. Faylu kataloghoro dar Windows beshtar chi guna nom mebarand?
2. Nomguzorii faylho va papkahoi Windows az nomguzorii faylho va

kataloghoi MS DOS yagon farqe dorad?

3. Sistemai fayli gufta chiro mefahmed?
4. Sokhtori fayli chist va bo on chi guna amaliyotro guzaronidan mumkin ast?

 Suporish:

1. Matni mavzuro bodiqqat khoned va onro naql kuned.
2. Mafhumhoi faylu papkaro chi khele ki mefahmed, hamon tavr manidod kuned.