DUHTUR

DUHTUR (Medicus), pizishk, tabib, mutakhassisi doroi malumoti olii tibbi (gayr az dukhturi dandon, ki bar khilofi dukhturi stomatolog malumoti miyonai tibbi ham doshta metavonad), ki huquqi bo faoliyati tibbi mashgul shudanro dorad. Az rui ikhtisos D.-on ba tashkilotchii hifzi tandurusti, terapevtho (bemorihoi dokhili), pediatrho (dukhturi bachagon), jarrohon, akusher-ginekologho (doyagi va amrozi zanona), oftalmologho (bemorihoi chashm), rentgenologho, nevropatologho (amrozi asab), psikhiatrho (amrozi ruhi va ravoni), stomatologho (bemorihoi dandon va javfi dahon), dermatovenerologho (amrozi pust va zuhravi), otorinolaringologho (amrozi gush, gulu va bini), ftiziatrho (bemorihoi sil), D.-hoi sanitari va g. taqsim meshavand.
Dukhturi yake az kasbhoi qadimtarin meboshad. Odamon hanuz dar davrai jamoai ibtidoi usulhoi avvalini tabobatro ba kor meburdand. Badi ba vujud omadani din in vazifaro kohinon va sonitar tabibon ba uhda giriftand. Dar Misri Qadim, CHin, Hinduston, YUnon va Rim D.-oni kasbi paydo shudand, ki obrui kalon doshtand, giriftani unvoni dukhturi boshad, donishi ziyodro talab mekard. Tarikh nomi mashhurtarin tabiboni qadim Buqrot (Gippokrat), Akslepiad, Abuali ibni Sino va digaronro, ki donishu mahoratashon nafaqat hayoti hazorho muosironro najot dodaast, balki ba inkishofi minbadai ilmi tib niz tasiri nazarras dosht, ba neki yod mekunad. Dar asrhoi miyona ilmi tib mavqei khudro az dast dod. Muddati madid masalahoi tashkili yori va tahsiloti tibbiro kaliso hal menamud. Dogmatizmi dini ba peshrafti ilmi tib khalal merasond. Davrai Ehyo, ki zamoni rivoji ilmu farhang bud, natanho ba peshrafti bosurati ilmi tabiatshinosi, az jumla ilmi tib musoidat namud, balki dar tashakkuli nigahdorii tandurusti va talimi D.-on niz tasiri buzurg rasond. Dar asrhoi minbada sifati talimi D.-on muntazam behtar meshud, ilmi tib asrori nav ba navro ifsho mekard, sabab va rohhoi inkishofi bemorihoro oshkor mesokht, D.-onro bo usulu vositahoi komiltari tashkhis, muolija va peshgirii bemoriho musallah menamud.
Komyobihoi hozirai ilmu tekhnika baroi tamini aholi bo yorii kasbii tibbi zaminai musoid faroham mesozad. Maqsadi yagonai kasbi va niyati shakhsii D. hifzi salomatii inson meboshad. In maqsad dar Savgandi dukhturi Tojikiston ba tavri vozeh ifoda yoftaast. Masuliyati dukhtur, ki davlat hifzi zindagi va salomatii odamonro ba zimmai u guzoshtaast, khele kalon meboshad. Ijroi vazifai mushkil, vale ayni zamon bosharafi dukhturi donishi amiqi kasbi, zahmati ziyod va fidokoriro metalabad. D. boyad har lahza baroi ba muhtojon rasonidani yorii tibbi omoda boshad, vatanashro dust dorad. Dar vatani mo mehnati D. ehtiromi buzurg va qadri baland dorad. Hazorho nafar dukhturon bo ordenu medalhoi jumhuri unvoni fakhrii Dukhturi shoistai JSHS Tojikiston, Kormandi shoistai Tojikiston, unvoni Qahramoni Mehnati Sotsialisti, nishoni «Alochii tandurustii Jumhurii Tojikiston» sarfaroz gardidaand.
Bo maqsadi baland bardoshtani darajai takhassusi D.-ho dar jumhuri attestatsiyai dukhturon guzaronda meshavad. Darajai takhassusi D.-horo komissiyai makhsus muayyan mekunad. Takhassusi darajai oli ba D.-e doda meshavad, ki az rui ikhtisos 10 sol (va beshtar az on) sobiqai kori doshta boshad.
Dar jumhuri maktabi asosii tarbiya kardani D.-on DDTT ba nomi Abuali ibni Sino ast. Donishgohi mazkurro to in dam ziyoda az 30 haz. naf. D.-ho khatm kardaand (2010). Soli 2009 dar jumhuri 14459 naf. D. faoliyat doshtand (ba har 10 000 naf. aholi 19,2 naf.), az jumla D.-oni behdoshtshinos – 599 naf., D.-oni oilavi – 1221 naf., terapevtho – 2226 naf., kardiologho – 227 naf., jarrohoni asab – 1138 naf., anesteziologho va reanimatologho – 615 naf. va osebshinoson – 313 naf.