DIAFRAGMA

DIAFRAGMA (yun. Diaphragma – monea, devora), devorai payu mushakii bayni qafasi sina va shikam. D. az mushaki nafise iborat ast, ki shakli gunbazro doshta, bo bargaki nazdidevoravii plevra (shushparda) faro girifta shudaast. Sathi poyoni D. furukhamida buda, jonibi javfi shikam menigarad; onro bargakhoi nazdidevoravii shikamparda ihota mekunand. Torhoi mushaki D. az guzargohi kanori poyoni sanduqi sina sar karda, ba bolo ravona meshavand va ba hamdigar payvasta markazi payhoro ba vujud meorand. Ba tavassuti surokhi D. aorta, venai tihii poyon, venahoi toqa va nimtoqa, limfaroha, surkhruda, asabhoi gumroh, tanai asabhoi simpatiki, asabhoi shikam meguzarand. Odatan, nugi gunbazi rosti D. dar sathi baynqaburgai chorum va gunbazi chap dar sathi baynqaburgai panjum joygir ast. Hangomi nafas giriftan gunbazhoi D. 2 – 3 sm poyon mefaroyand. D.-ro arteriyahoi boloi va poyonii diafragmavi, hamchunin arteriyahoi mushaku diafragmavi va perikardu diafragmavi bo khun tamin menamoyand.
D. vazifai nafasgiriro ijro mekunad. Osebhoi D. kushoda va pushida meshavand. Tamomi osebhoe, ki ba uzvhoi sanduqi sina va shikam merasand, D.-ro niz zakhmdor mesozand. Osebhoi pushidai D. dar mavridi sadamai naqliyoti yo aftodan ba mushohida merasand. Alomathoi oseb yoftani D. dardi shikam va sanduqi sina, ki ba kitf meguzarad, damkutahi, kabud shudani pust, tez zadani nabz meboshand. Oseb yoftani D. bisyor vaqt boisi shok meshavad.
Ba bemorihoi D. churra, iltihob, omoshoi gunogun mansuband. CHurrai diafragma osebi va gayriosebi meshavad. Sababi churrai gayriosebi vaseshavii patologii surokhi D. ast. Bisyor vaqt churrai surokhi surkhruda ba mushohida merasad, ki alomathoi on dardi zeri qaburga (ba shona va kitfi chap meguzarad), zardajush, orug zadan, qay va g. meboshand. Nishonahoi bemori, odatan, badi istemoli gizo va yakpahlu daroz kashidani odam tezu tund meshavand.
CHurrai osebii D. binobar zakhm bardoshtanu daridani on sar mezanad. Daromadgohi churra beshtar dar gunbazi chapi D. joy megirad. Nishonahoi churrai osebii D. metavonand muddati daroz az khud darak nadihand (khususan dar mavridi nuqsi kalon doshtani gunbazi D.).
Iltihobi D. binobar az fazoi zeridiafragmavi yo javfi sanduqi sina pahn shudani gazak ba vujud meoyad (hangomi bemorihoi rimdori shush, plevra, perikard).
Omoshoi D. beshtar az javfi shikam yo sanduqi sina mesabzand. Onhoro bo usuli jarrohi tabobat mekunand.
KL
Diafragma (namud az poyon); 1 – markazi payho; 2 – surokhi venai tihii poyon; 3 – surokhi surkhruda; 4 – surokhi aorta; 5 – bandaki kamonshakli mobayni; 6 – bandaki kamonshakli kanori; 7 – sekunjai kamaru qaburga; 8 – poyachai chap; 9 – poyachai rost.