DERMATITHO

DERMATITHO (Dermatitis), gazaki pust, yak nav bemorii pust, ki az tasiri angezandahoi beruni – moddahoi khimiyavi, omilhoi fiziki, inchunin az tasiri moddahoi naboti ba vujud meoyad. D. beshtar hangomi dar ruzgor va istehsolot bo moddahoi gunoguni khimiyavi, yane bo kislotaho, ishqorho, soda, skipidar, ranghoi anilini va g. sarukor doshtan, inchunin dar natijai ba pust molidani doruhoi gunogun (khususan asnoi khudmuolija) paydo meshavad. Agar pust ba tasiri yod, simob, novokain, sintomitsin, streptosid va g., ki dar namudi mahlul, zimod, khamira va emulsiya istifoda meshavand, nihoyat hassos boshad, D. inkishof meyobad.
D. az angezishi mekhaniki, mas., soish khurdan yo pushidani poyafzoli tang niz ba vujud meoyad. Ba D.-e, ki angezandai on harorat ast, sukhtagi va sarmozani mansuband. Nuri oftob, jarayoni elektr niz boisi D. megardad. Bazan agar anjibar, yugan, shaqoqul, gesha va baze rastanihoi dig. ba pusti odam rasand, D. inkishof meyobad.
Mujibi D. shudani baze vasoiti oroish (kosmetiki)-ro niz naboyad faromush kard. Tush va rang baroi muy bazan boisi varam kardan va surkh shudani pusti ruy va pilki chashmon megardand. Kremhoi oroish va losyonho dar surati nodurust nigoh doshtan va vayron shudan, metavonand angezishi sakhti pustro ba vujud orand.
SHiddat va davomoti jarayoni gazak nafaqat ba tasiri angezanda, balki ba holati umumii organizm niz vobasta ast. Hassosii pusti odamon har khel meboshad: angezandae, ki ba pusti yak kas tamoman tasir namerasonad, dar pusti shakhsi digar boisi D. megardad (in alomati ba angezanda nihoyat hassos budan ast; nig. Allergiya). Pusti kudakon nisbat ba pusti odami kalon ba omilhoi khimiyaviyu fiziki hassosiyati beshtar dorad. Hangomi D. pust surkh shuda metasfad, varam, khorish va suzish mekunad. Dar joi surkhshudai pust obila ba vujud meoyad, ki dar asnoi kafidan, az on ob baromada, karakhsh mebandad.
Tavre ki qayd karda shud, D. afkanishoti, elektri, osebi, khimiyavi, dorui va naboti meshavand.
D.-i afkanishoti zeri tasiri nurhoi oftob, afkanishoti ultrabunafsh, ionnok va g. rukh menamoyand. Darajai oseb yoftani pust ba darozii mavj va davomoti tasiri on vobasta ast. Sababi asosii D. az afkanishoti ionnok tasiri ziyonovari alfa-, beta- va gamma-nurafkani, inchunin afkanishoti neytroni yo rentgeni meboshand. Hangomi ziyod budani hassosiyati pust ba afkanishoti ultrabunafsh, mas., dar asnoi albinizm va pellagra hatto az tasiri kutohmuddati angezaho pust sukhta obila mekunad.
D.-i elektri dar natijai ba pust zarar rasondani jarayoni barq ba vujud meoyand. Dar joyhoi ba pust daromada va baromadai jarayoni elektr «alomathoi barq» ba mushohida merasand. Onho bedard buda, iltihob paydo namekunand, mui joi osebdida namerezad (farqi on az sukhtagi dar hamin ast). Zakhm badi 3 – 4 hafta shifo meyobad.
D.-i osebi binobar tasiroti mekhaniki paydo meshavand. Alomathoi onho ba quvvai zarba, khususiyati pust va davomoti omili ziyonovar vobasta meboshand. Osebi andak metavonad boisi kame surkh shudani pust gardad. Dar mavridi sakht lat khurdan pust obila mekunad, zakhmdor meshavad.
D.- i khimiyavi binobar tasiri kislotaho, ishqorho, namakhoi khrom, kaliy, natriy va g. inkishof meyoband. Onho pustro suzonda, boisi dard va zakhm meshavand. Hangomi osebi andak pustro zud bo obi garm shustan lozim ast (behtarash uzvro durudaroz ba zeri ob girift). D.-i allergi bar asari moddahoi gunoguni khimiyavi ba vujud meoyand; bisyor vaqt onho ba ekzema monand meshavand. Pust khorish mekunad. Farjomi bemori nek ast.
D.-i dorui dar baze odamon binobar tasiri doruho, mas., novokain, antibiotikho, aminazin, rezortsin, kleol, skipidar va g. paydo meshavand. D. imkon dorand az istifodai lanolin, vazelin, marhamhoi sintezi va g. niz sar zanand. Beshtar dar panjaho, bazan dar rukhsora va gardan padid meoyand. D.-i yodi binobar istifodai nodurusti mahluli spirtii yod ba vujud omada, pust obila mekunad. Dar mavridi qati tamos bo doruvor D.-i dorui purra shifo meyoband.
Sababi D.-i naboti rastanihoi allergiyaovar meboshand. Onho, odatan, bo khorishu suzish padid omada, bazan pust varam va obila mekunad. Hatto mumkin ast dil behuzur shuda, bemor qay kunad, tab baland va guddahli limfavi kalon shavand.
D.-ro muvofiqi tainoti dukhtur tabobat mekunand. Hudmuolija mumkin ast boisi afzun gashtani D. shavad. Zudtar barham dodani omilhoi angezandai D., yane az rui pust dur kardani baqiyai moddahoi khimiyavi, angezandai mekhaniki va g. ahamiyati kalon dorad. Minbad dar asnoi tabobat pusti osebdidaro shustan (khususan bo sobun) mumkin nest, to ki gazak avj nagirad.
Baroi peshgirii D. rioyai qoidahoi gigienai shakhsi ahamiyati kalon dorad. Hangomi saru kor doshtan bo moddahoi angezishovar, jarayoni elektr va faoliyat dar muhiti haroratash baland yo past az vositahoi muhofizat (zimod baroi dast, dastpushak, libosi makhsus va g.) istifoda burdan lozim ast. Az takroran molidani marham, krem va g., ki boisi angezishi pust megardad, boyad khuddori kard.
Ad.: Zoirov P. T., Bemorihoi pust, D., 1999; Hamon muallif, Bolezni koji D., 2002; Hamon muallif, CHastnaya dermatologiya i venerologiya, D., 2007.

P.T. Zoirov.