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DASTURU-L-ILOJ

asar«DASTURU-L-ILOJ», asari tibbii Sultonalii Tabibi Hurosoni. S-hoi 1526 – 27 talif va s. 1899 dar sh. Lakhnavi Hinduston chop shudaast. Muallif badi chihil sol ilmi tib omukhtan va tajriba andukhtan, dar Samarqand ba talifi in kitob pardokhta, matni asosii onro dar zamoni hokimiyati Sulton Abumansuri Kuchkunchikhon ba anjom rasondaast. Vale muqaddimai onro, ki qarib yak risolai mustaqil ast, badtar tartib doda kitobro ba hokimi vaqt Sulton Abulgozi Abusaid (1530 – 1533) mebakhshad. «D.» az muqaddima va du qism iborat ast. Qismi yakum 25 va qismi duyum 8 bobi mukammalro darbar megirad. Muqaddimai asar («Hifzi sihhat») ba masalaho va vositahoi gunoguni peshgirii bemoriho bakhshida shudaast. Muallif ba masoili behdoshti gizo, nushokiho, makoni zindagi, mavridi khob, saru libos, mashguliyat ba varzish, korhoi jismoni, iqlimi dashtu biyobon, beshazor va balandkuh diqqati jiddi dodaast. Mas., dar tadbiri khob va bedori u qayd mekunad, ki «Behtarin vaqt az baroi khob on zamon meboshad, ki taom az dahanai meda guzashta boshad. Bo medai kholi khuftan badanro logar mekunad. Hobi ruz bemori orad, misli nazla, khususan dar zimiston. Ziyonkortarin chiz mizoji sardro khobi bisyor buvad. Kas boyad vaqti khuftan avval ba pahlui rost yakzamon takya kunad, pas az on ba pahlui chap gardad. Va shikamro ba puste misli samur garm dorad. Agar kas bar shikam khuspad, gizo nek hazm shavad va ba pusht takya namudan ziyon dorad, ba sababi on ki manfazhoe, ki az dimog ba pusht meoyand, basta shavand… bekhobii shab quvvai bosiraro kam va quvvatro zaif kunad. Hobi bomdod ziyon dorad ba jihati on ki gizoi shab hazm shuda, meda kholi boshad. Ovozi khush va ovozi ob va darakht va molidani bisyor … khob orad.»
Sultonali khosiyati siroyatii vaboro ba nazar girifta (ziyoda az 300 sol to paydoishi mafhumi mikrobho), sirkoro chun omili gandzudoii girdu atrof va dokhili manzilho tavsiya medihad. Dar asar usuli bo omekhtai piyozu sirko bezarar namudani obi nushoki niz qayd gashtaast.
Dar qismhoi 1 – 2 kitob malumoti umumivu alohida oid ba bemorihoi gunogun, sababhoi paydoish, usulhoi peshgirivu muolijai onho gird ovarda shudaast. Muallif paydoishi aksariyati bemorihoro ba omilhoi gunoguni tabiivu ijtimoi, digargunivu khunukshavii mizoj, digargunii khiltho va g. vobasta menamoyad. Az bobi «Dar tadbiri arozi nafsoni» (hissiyoti emotsiyavi) malum meshavad, ki muallif orizahoi nafsoniro ba monandi tibbi hozira ba shodiovar – boandeshagi, khushholi, safar va guruhi zararovar – gamu anduh, tars, khashmu gazab, noumedi, khijili va g. taqsim namuda, paydoishi yak qator bemorihoi ruhivu dokhili, inchunin khunuk shudani mizoji garmro ba hissiyoti emotsiyavii manfi vobasta menamoyad. Dar bayoni manfiati tib qayd shudaast: «Tabib boyad, ki avval mavzui tib bidonad va tandurusti va bemori har du bidonad va sababi har yak bidonad. In qismro juzi ilmi guyand. Juzi amali on ast, ki bidonad, ki tandurustiro chiguna nigoh tavon dosht va bemoriro chiguna zoil tavon namud. Har shakhse, ki in maoniro bidonad, tabibi komil boshad (agar amal kunad va agar amal nakunad), jihati on ki maqsad az juzi ilmi va sharti tabibi on nest, ki amal kunad, balki maqsad on ast, ki bidonad, ki chiguna amal boyad kard».
Muallifi kitob sinnu soli odamro ba 4 davra – kudaki (to 15-sola), javoni (to 30 – 40-sola), miyonsoli (to 60-sola) va piri (badi 60-sola) taqsim kardaast.

YU. N. Nuraliev.

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