DAHON

DAHON (Stoma), javfi dahon(Cavitas oris), qismi ibtidoii sistemai hozima. Dar D. tagyiroti mekhaniki va khimiyavii gizo ba amal meoyad.
Surokhi D.-ro labhoi bolovu poin pushidaand. Dar qismi gafsi onho mushakhoi doirashakl joygir buda, hangomi kashish khurdani in mushakho surokhi dahon boz meshavad. Kanorhoi surkhi labho az darun ba luobpardai javfi D. faro girifta shudaast.
D.-i odam az qismi pesh yo javfi dahon iborat ast. Qismi peshi D. az berun bo lab, az pahlu bo lunj, az darun bo dandonu shokhahoi avvalini jog, javfi D. boshad, az bolo bo kom, az poyon bo bekhi zabon ihota shudaast. Dar qafoi D. komi narm joygir ast. Kanori aqibi komi narm dar mobayn barjastagi dorad, ki onro zabonak menomand. Kom D.-ro az javfi bini va halqum judo mekunad. Az pahlu komi narm ba kamonakho tabdil meyobad; dar bayni hardu kamonak bodomakho joy giriftaand.
D. az pahlu bo rukhsora ihota shudaast, ki onro mushakhoi jovish, jog va ruy tashkil medihand. Dar sathi dokhilii rukhsora dar barobari dandoni kaloni ashk az tarafi rostu chap pistonakhoi khurd voqe gashtaand; dar onho majroi gadudhoi obi D. boz meshavand.
Qari javfi D. (yo diafragmai D.) az mushakhoe tashkil yoftaast, ki dar harakathoi jogi poyon ishtirok mekunand. Dar zeri on zabon voqe ast. Zabon bo pardai luobi pushida shuda, hangomi pushidani D. ba kom jafs megardad. Luobpardai rui zabon barjastagihoi gunogun yo pistonakhoro ba vujud meorad (dar onho piyozakhoi zoiqa mavjudand). Harakati zabon dar kori jovish va tashakkuli nutq muhim ast. Dar zeri zabon dar aqibi dandonhoi poyon pistonakho joy giriftaand; dar onho majroi zerijogi va zerizabonii gadudhoi obi dahon boz meshavand.
Dar javfi D. du qator dandonhoi bolo va poyon mavjud meboshand; odami kalon 32 dandon dorad. Tamomi D.-ro pardai luobi pushidaast; dar shokhahoi alveolavii jogho lonachahoi ustukhoni dandonho mavjudand, ki milk nom dorand.
Dar luobpardai javfi D. shokhahoi majroi gadudhoi khurdu kaloni obi dahon boz meshavand. Luobpardai javfi D. dardu haroratro nisbat ba pust kamtar his mekunad. Agar pardai luobii lunj az obi haror. 45°S andake garmi his kunad, pas baroi pust chunin ob suzon ast. Obi haror. 33°S baroi D. sard meboshad. Kudakoni khurdsol garmii nushoki va khurokro beshtar his mekunand. Bo buzurg shudani sinnu sol, odam ba taomi garm odat mekunad. D. inchunin retseptorhoi makhsus dorad, ki tami gizoro muayyan mesozand. Luobparda javfi D.-ro bo uzvhoi dokhili va sistemahoi organizm mepayvandad.
Obi D. moei kamishqorest, ki dar tarkibash ferment (amilaza, maltaza va g.), namakhoi gayriorganiki, safeda va mutsin dorad. Mutsin obi D.-ro chaspak mekunad, ki dar natija furu burdani luqma oson megardad. Tahti tasiri fermenthoi obi D. agishtobhoi taom qisman tajziya meshavand. Fermenthoi obi D. ba tavassuti khurok to meda rasida, zeri tasiri shirai meda faoliyati khudro qat mekunand. Vale to dame, ki luqmai gizo shirai medaro jabbida nagirad, faoliyati fermenthoi obi D. idoma meyobad.
Dandonho khurokro binobar harakati jogi poyon bo ishtiroki zabon, labho va mushakhoi jovish mayda mekunand. Taomi jovida obi D.-ro mejabbad va ba luqma tabdil yofta bo harakati zabon va mushakhoi balum ba surkhruda meravad.
Dar javfi D. mikroorganizmhoi doimi mavjudand. Onho dar sharoiti mutadil baroi organizm khavfnok nestand. Mikroflorai doimii D. yak nav saddi biologiest, ki ba afzoishi mikrobhoi bemoriovari tasodufan ba organizm rohyofta mone meshavand. Vazifai sidodi (baryeri)-i luobparda binobar obi D. niz meafzoyad, chunki dar on moddai bezarargardon – lizotsim mavjud ast. Qati nazar az in, hangomi kostani muqovimati organizm baze mikrobhoi muqarrarii D. boisi paydoishi bemorihoi gunogun megardand.
Oid ba bemorihoi pardai luobii javfi D., milkho, dandonho va zabon nig. Angina, Dandon, Kandidoz, Kariesi dandon, Parodontit, Periodontit, Periostit, Pulpit, Stomatit, Tonzillit.
Sanatsiya (behdosht)-i javfi D. az muolijayu plombaguzorii dandonhoi illati (peshi rohi vusat yoftani kariesi dandonho, pulpit va periodontitro megirad), kandani dandonhoi kharobshuda, tabobati boftahoi atrofi dandonho, bartaraf kardani sangi dandon va g. iborat meboshad.
Baroi bachagoni sinni tomaktabi va maktabi (sole 2 bor), zanhoi homila, korgaroni korkhonahoi ba salomati ziyonovar, bemoroni sil va tarbod sanatsiyai javfi D. hatmist. CHunin tadbir baroi peshgirii illati boftahoi atrofi dandon, luobpardai javfi D. va bisyor bemorihoi shadidu muzmini umumi ahamiyati kalon dorad, zero dandonhoi pusidayu kirmkhurda manbai siroyat buda, ba tamomi organizm tasiri bad merasonand.
Baroi peshgirii bemorihoi D. nigohubini dandonho khele muhim ast. Har ruz bo chutka tavassuti khoka yo khamira shustani dandonho, bo mahluli bezarar chayqondani D., toza kardani surokhihoi bayni dandonho ahamiyati ziyod dorad. Barobari paydo shudani nishonahoi avvalini amrozi dandon, kom va zabon ba dukhturi dandon murojiat boyad kard.
KL
Rasmi 1. Javfi dahon va balum (dar burrish): 1 – javfi dahon; 2 – daromadgohi dahon; 3 – rohi poyoni bini; 4 – daromadgohi bini; 5 – javfi peshoni; 6 – sadafai mobayni bini; 7 – sadafai poyoni bini; 8 – sadafai boloi bini; 9 – javfi ustukhoni fonashakl; 10 – bodomaki halqum; 11 – surokhi balumii nayi somea; 12 – bolishtaki shaypur; 13 – komi narm; 14 – qismi dahonii balum; 15 – bodomaki kom; 16 – gulugoh; 17 – bekhi zabon; 18 – sarpushi gulu; 19 – chini obgiraku hanjara; 20 – qismi hanjaravii balum; 21 – tagoyaki angushtarishakl; 22 – surkhruda; 23 – khekirtak; 24 – tagoyaki siparshakl; 25 – ustukhoni zeri zabon; 26 – mushaki jogu zeri zabon; 27 – mushaki manahu zabon; 28 – jogi poyon.
Rasmi 2. Javfi dahon (namud az pesh): 1 – labi bolo; 2 – lajomaki labi bolo; 3 va 12 – milki dandonho; 4 – kamoni dandonhoi bolo; 5 – komi sakht; 6 – komi narm; 7 – kamonaki komu zabon; 8 – kamonaki komu balum; 9 – bodomaki kom; 10 – sathi rukhsora, ki burida shudaast; 11 – kamoni dandonhoi poyon; 13 – labi poyon; 14 – lajomaki labi poyon; 15 – rui zabon; 16 – gulugoh; 17 – zabonchai kom; 18 – darzi kom.