Jangho bayni davlathoi feodali va kharobii khojagi (ibtidoi asri XIX)

Dar ibtidoi asri XIX baroi sohib shudan ba shahrhoi Toshkand, Jizzakh va baze digar mulkhoi khurdi kuhiston amiri Bukhoro va khoni Huqand muborizai khunin meburdand. In muboriza goh ba nafi yak taraf va goh ba nafi tarafi digar anjom meyoft. Baroi Uroteppa muboriza ziyoda az nim asr davom kard. Sabab on bud, ki in shahr ahamiyati kaloni strategi dosht. Hathoi irtibotii bo ham aloqamandkunandai du davlat az hamin mulk meguzashtand. Sababi digari muboriza baroi Uroteppa ba iqtisodiyot vobastagi dosht. In viloyati sernufuz baroi khazina daromadi bisyor doda metavonist, zero on «anbori galla» bud. Az in jo miqdori ziyodi galla ba dehahoi sargahi Zarafshon, Samarqandu mulkhoi digar sodir megardid.

Bist soli avvali asri XIX muboriza baroi ba dast darovardani Uroteppa va Hujand ba hej tarafi jangkunanda naf naovard. Amiri Bukhoro Haydar va khoni Huqand Umarkhon majbur shudand, ki amaliyoti jangro qat gardonida, bayni khud «sulhi abadi» imzo kunand. Onho ba vorisoni khud vasiyat kardand, ki sulhi mazkurro «muqaddas va vayronnashavanda» donand.

Bo hamin davrai avvali muboriza baroi Hujandu Uroteppa ba okhir rasid. Dar in muddat khonii Huqand purquvvat gardid. Zero oshubhoi khalqii soli 1810 va solhoi 1821-1825 amorati Bukhororo zaif gardonida budand. Mardumi on gurusnagiro az cap meguzaronid.

Bukhoro az purquvvat gashtani khonii Huqand zeri zavf monda bud. Honi navi ba takht nishastai Huqand – Muhammadalikhon (1822-1842) az mushkilihoi dar amorati Bukhoro ruydoda khost istifoda namoyad.

U va amiri Bukhoro Nasrullo (1826-1860) «sulhi abadi»- ro vayron namuda, muborizaro baroi Hujandu Uroteppa va digar mulkho az nav cap kardand. In muboriza dar ibtido ba Bukhoro natijahoi dilkhoh nadod. Nokomihoi harbi har du tarafro vodor namud, ki sulhi nav imzo kunand. In sozishnoma az soli 1830 to soli 1840 nisbatan rioya meshud. Dar in solho Hujand va Uroteppa zeri tobeiyati khoni Huqand budand.

Az soli 1840 davrai duyumi muboriza baroi in du shahr cap shuda, amiri Bukhoro dastbolo gardid. Sabab on bud, ki dar natijai chorajuihoi amir Nasrullo qalamravi u nisbatan purzur gardid va quvvai harbii Bukhoro nisbat ba Huqand afzaliyat paydo kard.

Amir Nasrullo iqdom kard, ki khonii Huqandro zeri tasarrufi khud darorad. Baroi ijroi in maqsad fosiqi va ishratparasii Muhammadalikhon bahona shud. Soli 1841 amir lashkar kashida, to nazdikii Konibodom rasid. Honi Huqand madori muqovimat nadosht. U ba nazdi amir elchiyoni khudro ravon karda, vada kard, ki yaksola khiroji mulki khudro ba u medihad, inchunin shahrhoi Hujandu Toshkand ba itoati Bukhoro meguzarand va hokazo.

Amir Nasrullo qanoatmandi hosil kard. Dar Hujand Sulton Mahmudro hokim guzoshta, khud ba Uroteppa bargasht. Dar in mulk az tarafi amir Berdiyor ishikogoboshi hokim tain shud. Az amaliyothoi khud amir forig gashta, ba poytakhtash Bukhoro bargasht.

Dere naguzashta, bo miyonravii modari khud Nodira bo Muhammadalikhon muyassar gasht, ki ba barodarash Sulton Mahmud zabon yak karda, Hujandro az nav ba itoati khud darorad. In nav jarayoni kor ba nafsi amir Nasrullo rasid.

Soli 1842 u bo lashkari yakjoyai Uroteppa bo sardorii hokimi u Berdiyor ishikogoboshi, lashkari Mastchoh bo sardorii beki on Boturkhoja, lashkari Hisor bo sardorii Sufibiy devonbegi, lashkari Samarqand bo sardorii Ibrokhimbiyi mangit, lashkari Urgut bo sardorii Odil dodkhoh va lashkari digar mulkho ba sui Huqand hamla ovard. Ba in quvvai anbuh muyassar gasht, ki poytakhti khoni – shahri Huqandro zabt kunand.

Amir Nasrullo baroi idora kardani khonii Huqand odami khudro tain namuda, ba Bukhoro bargasht. Dar in jo u beki Mastchoh Boturkhojaro niz qatl kard.

Torumori khonii Huqand, berahmihoi sarbozoni Bukhoro va sarlashkaroni onho dar in qalamrav, boisi shurishi purzure shud va dar natija hokimiyati amiri Bukhoro dar in mulk sarnagun gardid.

Badi voqeahoi puroshubi soli 1842 Isfara, Konibodom va Hujand zeri tasarrufi khonii Huqand va Uroteppa zeri hokimiyati Bukhoro mondand.

Az voqeahoi jarayonyofta malum meshavad, ki nizohoi baynihamdigarii khonho taqdiri mardumi zeri dasti onhoro hal mekard. Sababi janghoi baynihamdigarii onho dar on bud, ki amiru khonho mekhostand qalamravi khudro vasetar va khazinaashonro boytar gardonand.

Hullasi kalom, dar nimai avvali asri XIX muborizai khunini amorati Bukhoro bo khoni Huqand baroi sohib shudan ba nohiyahoi shimolii Tochikistoni imruza tezutund gashta bud. Tanho baroi ba dast darovardani Uroteppa onho ziyoda az chihil marotiba ba in shahr lashkar kashidand. Dar in muddat si marotiba hokim ivaz shud. Az jumla Isobek du marotiba, Rustambek se marotiba va Abdulgafforbek chor marotiba hokimiyat rondand.

Dar bayni amorati Bukhoro va SHahrisabz niz muttasil jang va zadukhurdho ba amal meomadand. Soli 1856, pas az 32 bor hujum ovardan, ba amir Nasrullo muyassar shud, ki SHahrisabzro ba khud tobe namoyad. Vale in galabai muvaqqati bud.

Honhoi Heva zud-zud ba hududi Bukhoro hamla karda, ba talavu toroj dast mezadand. Amir Nasrullo tamomi lashkari Bukhoro, Hisor va mulkhoi digarro faroham ovarda, soli 1834 ba sui Heva lashkar kashid. Harchand in mulkro tobei khud nagardonda boshad ham, ba amir muyassar meshavad, ki qalamravi khudro yakchand muddat az hujumi Heva amon dihad.