BUQROT

BUQROT (muarrabi Hippokrates), Ibuqrot, Gippokrat (460, jaz. Kos – 377 to m., Fessaliya), hakim va mutafakkiri YUnon. YAke az asosguzoroni tibbi antiqi, asosguzori usuli tashkhisi kliniki dar tib. B. tibro az padarash (Geraklid) va dar maktabi tibbii jaz. Kos omukhtaast. Modari B. – Fenareta momodoya bud. B. badi favti volidon ba sh. Afina kuchid. Az Gerodik talim giriftaast. Ba Arabiston, Osiyoi Hurd va ba sohili Bahri Siyoh rafta, ba omukhtani hayot, iqlim, ilmu madaniyat va tibbi in kishvarho shuru mekunad. Hizmati buzurgi B. dar on ast, ki u tibro az tasiri tibbi kohinon va kaliso ozod karda, rohi inkishofi mustaqilonai onro muqarrar sokht. B. talim medod, ki tabib boyad na bemori, balki bemorro muolija kunad, khususiyathoi fardii organizm va muhitro ba nazar girad. B. sababi bemoriro az fasli sol, khosiyati obu zamin, tarzi zindagi, nuqsi modarzodi, sinnu sol, irq, taom, muhiti kor va g. medonist. B. azoi badani odamro qiyosan bo azoi hayvonot omukhtaast. Muvofiqi malumoti B. hayot ba 4 moei botin (khun, luob, zardai zard, zardai siyoh) va ba omili tabiii badan (garmi, sardi, khushki, nami) vobasta ast. B. mizoji shakhsro az afzaliyati in yo on moei botin medonist. Dar osori B. dar borai bemorihoi darun, zanona, kudakon, ruhi, khanozir, bugumdard, shikastabandi va jarrohi malumoti mufid dida meshavad. B. hangomi tabobat avval parhezu rejimi makhsus, rioyai behdoshti shakhsiro ba nazar girifta, sipas ba maylu ragbat va muhite, ki bemorro faro megirad, ahamiyat medod. B. asosguzori geografiyai tibbi meboshad. Vobasta ba konstitutsiya 4 guruhi odamonro muayyan kardaast: damavi (sangvinik), safroimozoj (kholerik), khunsard (flegmatik) va molkhuliyoi (melankholik). B. ba masalai paydoishi bemoriho etibori khos doda, 4 qoidai asosii tabobatro peshnihod namudaast: «manfiat rason, na ziyon»; «mukholifro bo mukholif tabobat bikun»; «ba tabiat kumak rason»; «ehtiyotkor va gamkhori mariz bosh».
«Odobi dukhtur» va «Savgandi dukhtur» barin asarhoi B. to hol mohiyatashonro gum nakardaand. To zamoni mo taqriban 70 asari dukhturoni YUnoni Qadim bo nomi «Majmuai Buqrot» malum ast. In majmua s. 1525 ba lotini s. 1526 dar Venetsiya ba yunoni va s.-hoi 1936 – 44 ba rusi dar 3 jild chop shudaast. Asarhoi B. dar Osiyoi Markazi va Eron dar davrai Sosoniyon ba forsi va badi zabti arabho ba arabi dastras shuda budand. Abubakr Muhammad Zakariyoi Rozi, Ibni Sino va dig. baze kambudihoi (mas. nagzakro az surkhak, asabro az ragu pay farq karda natavonistan va g.) asarhoi B.-ro tanqid namuda, oid ba on masalaho dasturulamal va asarhoi daqiq navishtand. Ba in nigoh nakarda, osor va nazariyahoi tibbii B. dar ravnaqi tibbi jahoni roli kalon bozidaast va az in ru, nomash chun padari hakimon ba zabon girifta meshavad.

YU. Nuraliev.