BIOSFERA CHIST

BIOSFERA (az bio… va yun. sphera – qabat), tabaqai makhsusi kurai Zamin, joi zisti mavjudoti zinda. B. qismi poyonii atmosfera (troposfera), tamomi gidrosfera va qismi boloii qishri Zamin (litosfera)-ro to chuqurii 2 – 3 km darbar megirad. Istilohi B.-ro avvalin bor s. 1875 geologi avstriyagi E. Zyuss jori kardaast.
Binobar faoliyati mavjudoti zinda dar B. gardishi muttasili moddaho va energiya rukh menamoyad. Tasiri tarafayni oqilonai insoniyat va tabiatro noosfera meomuzad. Az malumotu tadqiqotho barmeoyand, ki odam ba B. beshtar tasiri manfi merasonad. Iflos gashtani atmosfera va havzahoi ob, nest kardani nabotot va baze namudhoi hayvonot, kharob namudani zakhirahoi tabii va g. boisi tagyir yoftani ravandhoi tabii dar tamomi kurai Zamin megardad.

In guna nojuriho ba muvozanati ekologi bayni odamon va muhiti zist rakhna vorid karda, oqibati falokatbor dorand. Mas., nobud sokhtani jangalzor metavonad boisi avj giriftani bemorii ensefaliti kanagi shavad; ba mintaqai savannahoi tropikii Amriko roh yoftani odam baroi afzoishi kurshaparakhoi khunmak, ki intiqoldihandai angezandai hori meboshand, sharoiti musoid faroham ovard; obyori kardani savannahoi Afriqo mujibi gustarishi shistosomozho gasht va g. Nig. niz Hifzi muhiti zist, Ekologiya.