BEOBII ORGANIZM

BEOBII ORGANIZM, degidratatsiya, obi bisyor talaf dodani organizm. Dar natijai B. o. muvozanati obu namak khalal meyobad. Ahamiyati ob baroi organizm khele kalon ast. Hun, limfa, moei dokhili hujayraho, ashk, obi dahon, araq, shirai meda, shirai gadudi zeri meda, talkha, peshob, muhtavoi rudaho, tarashshuhot az uzvhoi tanosul va rohi nafas – in hama obest, ki dar on moddahoi gunogun hal shudaand.
Be ob hayot nest. Organizmi navzodon 90% az ob iborat meboshad. Dar tarkibi organizmi kalonsolon 70 – 80% ob mavjud ast. Taqr. 92%-i khun ob dorad, binobar in norasoii on boisi gafs shudani khun megardad (miqdori gemoglobin afzuda, eritrositho ba hamdigar mechaspand).
Zakhirai asosii obi organizm dar hujayraho va fazoi bayni onho joy giriftaast; miqdori on tavassuti ionhoi natriy tanzim karda meshavad. Ba dokhili hujayra roh yoftani obro ionhoi kaliy tanzim menamoyand. Ikhroji ob az uzvho asosan tavassuti raghoi limfa surat megirad. Dar organizmi odam boyad 2 – 11 l limfa vujud doshta boshad. Dar davomi 1 daq. ba vositai arteriyai gurda 1,1 l khun vorid meshavad; dar in muddat az raghoi limfai gurda 125 ml limfa jori gashta, ba jomchahoi gurda boshad, hamagi 1 ml peshob dokhil meshavad.
B. o. mubodilai obro dar uzvho yakbora khalaldor mesozad. Dar natija limfa gafs va ragho borik megardand. YAke az alomathoi B. o. varam kardani uzv ast. Dar amaliyai tib baroi tabobati varam «obi ziyodati»-i organizmro ba vositai davohoi peshobron khorij mekunand. In fikri galat ast. Zero majburan az plazmai khun khorij kardani ob khunro gafstar megardonad. Dar natija harakati khun dar kapillyarho khalal yofta, mubodilai moddaho dar hujayra kharob meshavad. B. o. ba ikhtiloli mubodilai safedaho musoidat mekunad. Dar zaminai in sintezi safeda vayron va fishori osmosii fazoi bayni hujayraho past meshavad. Mahz norasoii safedaho dar plazmoi khun saddi rohi ba kapillyarho guzashtani ob khohad shud. Baroi tabobati on muvozanati obu namakhoro dar organizm barqaror kardan lozim ast.
Hangomi B. o. odam sakht tashna monda, tarashshuhi gadudhoi hozima sust megardad. Binobar yakbora sar zadani B. o. ikhtiloli ruhi, behushi, bazan favt ba mushohida merasad. B. o. dar kudakon nisbatan zudtar ba vuqu mepayvandad. Dar holathoi ba illat tabdil yoftani B. o. tashnagiro bo obi shurtam shikastan lozim ast. Dar natija nafaqat talafi ob, balki miqdori elektrolitho niz barqaror meshavand. Bahri muolijai B. o. sababhoi onro raf sokhtan lozim ast.