BARNOMAI RUSHDI SOHAI TUHMIPARVARI DAR TOJIKISTON BAROI 2016-2020ss

Bo qarori Hukumati Jumhurii Tojikiston az 28 oktyabri soli 2016, № 438 tasdiq shudaast

BARNOMAI RUSHDI SOHAI TUHMIPARVARI DAR JUMHURII TOJIKISTON BAROI SOLHOI 2016-2020

 1. MUQADDIMA

1. Tukhmiparvari yake az samthoi muhimtarin va avvalindarajai sohai kishovarzi ba hisob rafta, dar istehsoloti kishovarzi mavqei asosiro ishgol menamoyad. Afzun namudani istehsoli ziroathoi kishovarzi va baland bardoshtani hosilshavii onho az istifoda burdani tukhmihoi khushsifat vobastagii kalon dorad. Vazifai asosii tukhmiparvari tamin namudani khojagiho bo tukhmii khushsifat, nigoh doshtani tozagii navho va khususiyathoi biologii onho meboshad. Halli vazifai mazkur qabuli majmui tadbirhoero taqozo mekunad, ki ikhtiroi navhoi serhosili ziroathoi kishovarzi, sari vaqt guzaronidani sanjishi rasmi va mintaqabob namudani navhoi behtarin bo maqsadi hifzi khususiyathoi genetikii onho, istehsol, korkard, sertifikatsiyakunoni va marketingi tukhmiro dar bar megirad.
2. Tukhmiparvari na tanho baroi tamini bozori dokhili, balki baroi sodirot niz nigaronida shuda, imkoniyat medihad, ki samaranokii soha va daromadnokii istehsolot mohiyatan baland bardoshta shavad. Dar solhoi shuravi seleksiya va tukhmiparvari ba purragi az hisobi mablaghoi bujeti tamin megardid, vale binobar dar mamlakat ba amal omadani islohoti iqtisodi mablagguzorii in soha yakbora kam gardid.
3. Dar jumhuri dar barobari tukhmiparvarii jamiyati bakhshi khususii tukhmiparvari ba miyon omad, ki dar zinai ibtidoii taraqqiyot qaror dorad. Hojagihoi alohidai tukhmiparvari dar introduksiyai navhoi nav, bakhusus ziroathoi galladonagi va sabzavot, afzunkuni va furushi tukhmiho, chi dar dokhili mamlakat va chi berun az on natijahoi khub ba dast meorand.
4. Bori avval Barnomai rushdi sohai tukhmiparvari dar Jumhurii Tojikiston baroi solhoi 2010-2014 bo qarori Hukumati Jumhurii Tojikiston az 28 mayi soli 2009, № 297 tasdiq gardida bud, ki baroi peshrafti soha takoni jiddi bakhshid.

2. NATIJAHOI AMALIGARDONII BARNOMAI RUSHDI SOHAI TUHMIPARVARi DAR JUMHURII TOJIKISTON BAROI SOLHOI 2010-2014

1. Dar doirai Barnomai rushdi sohai tukhmiparvari dar Jumhurii Tojikiston baroi solhoi 2010-2014 bo dastgirii Barnomai Ojonsii hamkorim baynalkhalqii SHvetsiya (Sida) va Bonki osiyogii rushd oid ba dastgirii sohai seleksiya, tukhmiparvari va karantini rastaniho ba mablagi ziyoda az 15 million somoni korhoi nazarras ijro gardidaand.
2. Az jumla binoi Bozrasii nazorati davlatii tukhmi, ozmoishgohi markazii tashkhisi sifati tukhmi dar poytakhti jumhuri va ozmoishgohho dar viloyati Sugdu Hatlon tamir karda shuda, bo tajhizoti laboratorii zamonavi tamin karda shudand. Baroi tatbiqi barnomahoi seleksionii Instituti ziroatkorii Akademiyai ilmhoi kishovarzii Tojikiston, filiali in Institut dar viloyati Sugd, Kooperativi istehsolii ba nomi L.Murodovi shahri Hisor, khojagii “CHilgazi”-i shahri Isfara, stansiyahoi davlatii navsanjii nohiyahoi Qubodiyon, Muminobod va shahrhoi Tursunzoda va Konibodom bo tekhnika va moshinolothoi zamonavi, az jumla bo 9 adad traktori tamgai MTZ-1025, 9 adad yadaki traktori, 12 adad tukhmiposhak, 11 adad gallakubak, 9 adad charkhmola, 8 adad doruposhak, 8 adad nuriposhak, 9 adad ispori setanagi, 9 adad juyborkashi bayniqatori, 2 adad tajhizot baroi muayyan namudani sifati nakhi pakhta va tajhizoti digar tamin karda shudand. Dar nohiyai Bokhtari viloyati Hatlon sekhi korkardi tukhmi va luchchakkunii punbadonai tukhmi sokhta, ba istifoda doda shud.
3. Bo maqsadi ba nizom darovardani sanadhoi meyorii huquqi dar sohai tukhmiparvari va mustahkam namudani zaminai moddiyu tekhniki korhoi muayyan ba anjom rasonida shudand. Az jumla zaminai qonunguzorii seleksiya va tukhmiparvari bo sanadhoi meyorii huquqii baynalmilali hamohang karda shud. Baroi hamrohshavii Jumhurii Tojikiston dar tashkilothoi baynalmilali dar sohai sanjish va hifzi navho, fitosanitariya va karantini rastaniho, hamchunin nazorati sifat va sertifikatsiyakunonii tukhmi zamina faroham ovarda shud. Azogi va hamkori bo chunin tashkilothoi bonufuz baroi vorid gardidani jumhuri ba Sozmoni Umumumijahonii Savdo (SUS) musoidat pamud.
4. Vale vazi imruzai khojagihoi tukhmiparvari dar jumhuri ba talaboti istehsolot javobguy nest va az in ru zarurati tahiyai Barnomai rushdi sohai tukhmiparvari dar Jumhurii Tojikistoi baroi solhoi 2016-2020 ba miyon omadaast.

3. MAQSAD VA ZARURATI QABULI BARNOMA

1. Maqsadi asosii Barnoma amali namudani siyosati Hukumati Jumhurii Tojikiston oid ba rushdi seleksiyai rastani va tukhmiparvari va bunyodi sohae meboshad, ki dar mutobiqat bo meyorhoi standarthoi baynalmilali faoliyat namoyad.
2. Barnomai mazkur siyosati davlatro dar sohai seleksiya va tukhmiparvari ifoda namuda, bo maqsadi tatbiqi meyorhoi qonunhoi Jumhurii Tojikiston “Dar borai tukhmiparvari” va “Dar borai hifzi navhoi rastani” tahiya shudaast va dar on ijroi masalahoi behtar namudani faoliyati maqomoti davlatii sohai tukhmiparvari, sanjish, baqaydgiri va hifzi navho, nazorati sifat va sertifikatsiyai tukhmi, nazorati fitosanitari va karantini rastaniho, rushdi seleksiyai rastani, istehsol, korkard va marketingi tukhmi, tayyor namudani kadrho va bozomuzii mutakhassisoni soha, tamini amniyati tukhmi va tasisi fondhoi davlatii tukhmi peshbini gardidaast.
3. Seleksiya va tukhmiparvari boyad baroi ofaridani nav, introduksiya, sanjish va baqaydgirii navho, istifodai usulhoi gunoguni tukhmiparvari baroi vase namudani parvarishi tukhmii ziroathoi kishovarzi ba vositai tekhnologiyahoi muosir, hamchunin istehsoli tijorati, takroristehsolkuni, korkard, sertifikatsiyakunoni va marketingi tukhmihoi sifatan baland baroi bozori dokhili va sodirot musoidat namoyad. SHaroiti kununii peshrafti jumhuri, talaboti ruzafzuni khojagiho ba tukhmihoi khushsifati sertifikatsiyakardashudai ziroathoi kishovarzi va zarurati sodiroti tukhmii ziroatho ba digar mamlakatho tahiya va tasdiqi Barnomai mazkurro taqozo menamoyad.

4. TAHLILI VAZI KUNUNII SOHAI TUHMIPARVARII JUMHURII TOJIKISTON

1. Vazorati kishorarzii Jumhurii Tojikirton jihati tamini sohai tukhmiparvari va behbudi bakhshidan dar in samt tai solhoi okhir yak qator korhoi nazarrasro ba anjom rasonidaast. Hamin tariq, Qonuni Jumhurii Tojikiston “Dar borai hifzi navhoi rastani” dar tahriri nav tibqi talaboti Konvensiyai Ittihodi baynalmilalii hifzi navhoi rastani (UPOV) qabul gardid. Tibqi talaboti qismi 2 moddai 12 Qonuni Jumhurii Tojikiston “Dar borai hifzi navhoi rastani” va moddai 14 Qonuni Jumhurii Tojikiston “Dar borai tukhmiparvari” Dasturamali “Tartibi guzaronidani sanjish, baqaydgiri va hifzi navhoi rastani” tahiya va qabul gardid. Ayni zamon Muassisai davlatii “Komissiyai davlatii ozmoishi navi ziroathoi kishovarzi va muhofizati navho” tibqi talaboti Dasturamali mazkur faoliyati khudro ba roh mondaast.
2. Bo qabuli Qonuni Jumhurii Tojikiston “Dar borai karantini rastani” Jumhurii Tojikiston ba Konvensiyai baynalmilali oid ba karantin va hifzi rastani shomil gardid.
3. Mutobiqi Qonuni Jumhurii Tojikiston “Dar borai tukhmiparvari” bo rioyai talaboti Naqshai sertifikatsiyai tukhmii Sozmoni hamkorii iqtisodi va rushd (OECD) “Tartibi sertifikatsiyai tukhmi, dodani sertifikathoi tasdiqkunandai nav va sifati tukhmi” bo farmoishi Vaziri kishovarzi az 4 oktyabri soli 2010, № 132 tasdiq karda shud. Ayni hol, Bozrasii nazorati davlatii tukhmi korro az rui Tartibi mazkur ba roh mondaast.
4. Dar hayati shabakai khojagihoi makhsusi tukhmiparvari 66 adad khojagihoi dehqoni (fermeri), kooperativi va jamoavi faoliyat dorand, ki ba mintaqa va khojagihoi makhsusi istehsolkunandai tukhmii ziroathoi kishovarzi shomil gardidaand. Az in ba parvarishi pakhtai tukhmi 29 adad, tukhmii galladonagiho 7 adad, pakhtai tukhmi va tukhmii galladonagiho 9 adad, kartoshkai tukhmi 16 adad, ba tukhmii sabzavot 3 adad, tukhmii yunuchqa 1 adad va ba parvarishi kartoshkai tukhmi, galladonagiho 1 adad mashguland. Dar solhoi okhir dar natijai durust ba roh mondani kori tukhmiparvari hosilnokii ziroathoi kishovarzi nisbat ba solhoi guzashta khubtar gardida boshad ham, in talaboti khojagihoi istehsoliro bo tukhmii khushsifat tamin karda nametavonad. Ayni zamon khojagihoi tukhmiparvari tanho 30-40 foizi talaboti khojagihoi istehsoliro bo tukhmii khushsifat tamin namuda, qismi digari khojagiho az tukhmihoi sharti istifoda mebarand, ki boisi past gardidani hosilnokii ziroathoi kishovarzi dar jumhuri megardad.

5. TUHMIPARVARII ZIROATHOI ASOSi

§1. Pakhta

1. Pakhtakori yake az sohahoi muhimi istehsoli ashyoi khomi sanoatii Jumhurii Tojikiston ba hisob meravad. Pakhta – mahsuloti asosii sodiroti buda, baland bardoshtani samarabakhshii pakhtakori dar majmu ba vazi iqtisodi tasiri musbat merasonad. Mutaassifona, solhoi okhir sohai pakhtakori ba vaziyati mushkil giriftor gardida, ba peshrafti digar sohaho niz mone shudaast. Imruz az sababi kohishyobii hosilnoki va daromadnokii pakhta nishondihandahoi soha past meboshand.
2. Halli mushkilot dar navbati avval jori namudani navhoi navi serhosili pakhta va takmil dodani tartibi istehsoli tukhmii bosifatro taqozo menamoyad. Takmili agrotekhnikai parvarishi pakhta, istifodai tekhnologiyahoi muosir va navhoi behtarin baroi tukhmi, tahkimi zaminai moddi – tekhniki, mekhanizatsiyai korhoi sahroi, etimodnokii kori sistemai irrigatsioniyu meliorativi imkon medihad, ki dar oyanda hosilnokii pakhta to 35-40 s/ga baland bardoshta shuda, biduni ziyod namudani maydoni kisht to 500 hazor tonna pakhta ba dast ovarda shavad.
3. Dar 6 soli okhir dar natijai sanjishi rasmii davlati 15 navi pakhtai vatani va khoriji mintaqabob gardonida shud, ki az onho 2 navi pakhtai mahinnakh (“748-V”, “Avesto”), 13 navi pakhtai miyonanakh (“Ziroatkor-64”, “Zarafshon-1”, “Nemat”, “20-solagii Istiqlol”, “Oriyoi”, “SHarora-1020”, “Dusti-IZ”, “B-70”, “Lochin”, “Hulbuk”, “Tojikiston”, “Hatlon-2011” va “Flora”) dar istehsolot vase jori shuda, dar khojagiho hosili dilkhoh doda istodaand. Vale tukhmiparvarii in navhoi pakhta va afzoishi tukhmiho dar khojagihoi tukhmiparvari ba tariqi boyadu shoyad ba roh monda nashudaast.
4. Dar jumhuri 39 khojagii makhsusgardonidashudai tukhmiparvari oid ba istehsoli tukhmii pakhta faoliyat menamoyad, vale hej yake az in khojagiho qobiliyat nadorad, ki tukhmii mutobiq ba talaboti standarthoro istehsol namoyad. Ayni zamon dar jumhuri 96 korkhonahoi korkardi pakhta faoliyat menamoyand, ki khususi buda, korkardkunandagon ba istehsoli mavodi tukhmii sifatan baland khohishmand nestand. Dar beshtari mavridho hangomi korkardi ashyoi khomi pakhta ba omekhtashavii tukhmii navhoi gunogun va oseb didani chigiti tukhmi roh doda meshavad. Dar maydonhoi kisht boshad, sifati pasti tukhmiho beshtar bo meyori ziyodi kishti tukhmi (to 120-130 kg/ga) sarf karda meshavad, ki ba kharji ilovagii tukhmi va quvvai kori baroi yagonakunii niholho ovarda merasonad.
5. Dar hamai mamlakathoi pakhtaparvarii olam allakay, sistemai delintatsiyai kislotagii tukhmii pakhta yo luchakkunii chigiti tukhmi dar tajriba jori gashtaast. Kishti punbadonai luchchak ba meyori 20-25 kg/ga amali gardonida shuda, az har gektar 40-45 sentneri pakhtai khom ba dast ovarda meshavad.

§2. Ziroathoi galladonagi

1. YAke az masalahoi asosii mustahkam namudani amniyati ozuqavorii kishvar tamin namudani aholi bo non ba hisob meravad. Az in ru, siyosati Hukumati Jumhurii Tojikiston ba taraqqi dodani gallakori va afzun namudani istehsoli gallai khudi ravona gardidaast. Dar solhoi okhir istehsoli galla ziyod gardida boshad ham, in talaboti aholii jumhuriro qone karda nametavonad. Hosilnokii galla past buda, ba hisobi miyona ba 20-30 sentner az yak gektar barobar ast, garchande dar khojagihoi peshqadam to ba 60-70 s/ga merasad, Sababi asosi dar on ast, ki tekhnologiyai parvarishi ziroathoi galladonagi rioya karda nameshavad va khojagihoi tukhmiparvari zaminai purquvvati moddiyu tekhnikii tukhmiparvariro sohib nestand.
2. Tajriba nishon medihad, ki zakhirahoi ziyodi baland bardoshtani hosilnokii ziroathoi kishovarzi az hisobi jori namudani navhoi serhosil dar istehsolot va behtarkunii agrotekhnikai onho mavjudand.
3. Tukhmiparvarii ibtidoii navhoi navi ziroathoi kishovarzi dar Instituti “Ziroatkori”-i Akademayai ilmhoi kishovarzii Tojikiston dar asosi metodikai istehsoli tukhmihoi superelita va elita ba roh monda shuda, har sol dar parvarishgohhoi tukhmiparvarii zersokhtorhoi Institut ziyoda az 800 tonna tukhmii khushsifati reproduksiyahoi balandi ziroathoi galladonagi istehool karda meshavad, ki in talaboti khojagihoi tukhmiparvarii jumhuriro purra qone gardonida nametavonad.

§3. Kartoshka

1. Kartoshkaparvari yake az sohahoi asosii kishovarzii Jumhurii Tojikiston hisob yofta, jihati tamini amniyati ozuqavori, afzun gardonidani imkoniyathoi sodirotii mamlakat va ba kori doimi dar dehot tamin namudani aholi naqshi muhim dorad. Kartoshka hamchun ziroati muhimi istemoli dar vodiho, mintaqahoi domanakuh va balandkuhi Tojikiston dar balandihoi to 1200-2500 metr az sathi bahr parvarish meyobad. Baroi parvarishi hosili baland va tukhmii khushsifati in ziroat qitahoi kuhiyu domanakuh, ki sharoiti iqlimii musoidu khoki hosilkhez dorand, muvofiq meboshand.
2. Hosilnokii kartoshka dar khojagihoi kartoshkaparvari jumhuri past buda, asosan ba sifati pasti mavodi kishtshavanda vobastagi dorad. To hol kartoshkai tukhmii elita va reproduksioni az khoriji kishvar vorid karda meshavad. Dar Tojikiston tekhnologiyai istehsoli mavodi solimi kishtshavandai kartoshka bo istifoda az dastovardhoi biotekhnologiya kor karda shudaast, ki baroi dar sharoiti khoku iqlimi nohiyahoi kuhi istehsol namudani mavodi tukhmii sifatnok baroi furush ba mamlakathoi hamsoya imkoniyat medihad. Tojikiston metavonad az kishvari voridkunandai tukhmii kartoshka ba kishvari sodirkunandai in mahsuloti arzishnok mubaddal gardad.

§4. Ziroathoi khuroki chorvo

1. SHaroiti khoku iqlimi nohiyahoi kuhi va nazdikuhii Tojikiston imkoniyati istehsol namudani tukhmii ziroathoi khuroki chorvo-yunuchqa, juvorimakka va qatraboron (esparset)-ro doro meboshad. Juvorimakka yake az ziroathoi serhosilu mamuli emiyu khoshoki ast, ki dar sohai kishovarzi vase istifoda burda meshavad. Juvorimakka ahamiyati kaloni khuroki, ozuqavori va tekhniki doshta, az rui hosilnoki va arzish nisbat ba aksar ziroathoi emiyu khoshoki bolo meistad. Dar jumhuri solhoi okhir maydoni kisht va istehsoli tukhmii yunuchqa niz ziyod shuda istodaast, vale tekhnikai tukhmitozakuni dar khojagiho az had ziyod farsudayu kuhna gardidaast, ki imkoniyati sifatnok guzaronidani tozakunii tukhmii istehsolshudaro namedihad. Dar natija kishtzori yunuchqa bo alafhoi begona iflos megardad.

§5. Ziroathoi sabzavoti

1. Seleksioneroni Tojikiston yak qator navhoi arzishnoki ziroathoi sabzavoti va polezi ruyonidaand. Hojagihoi tukhmiparvari solhoi peshin tukhmii in ziroathoro istehsol menamudand, ki qismi ziyodi on berun az mamlakat sodir karda meshud. Vale ayni zamon tukhmiparvarii navhoi ziroathoi sabzavoti va polezi ba talabot javobgu nest. Tukhmipavarii muqarrari boshad, ba tariqi gayrisistemavi tatbiq megardad.
2. Istehsoli voqeii mahsuloti ziroathoi afzaliyatnoki zikryofta az sathi potensialii imkonpazir khele qafo memonad. Istifodai navhoi komil va mavodi tukhmii sifatan baland dar bobati ziyod namudani hosilnoki va istehsoli makhsulot naqshi muhim mebozad.

6. SISTEMAI SANJISH VA BAQAYDGIRII NAVHO

1. Vazifai asosii sistemai sanjishu baqaydgirii navho sari vaqt guzaronidani sanjishhoi rasmii navhoi nav va duragahoi seleksiyai mahalliyu khoriji bo maqsadi omuzishi alomathoi arzishnoki khojagidori, zohir namudani navhoi nisbatan serhosil va ba sharoiti mamlakat mutobiqshavanda, tavsiya namudani onho ba kishovarzon bo maqsadi parvarishi vasei onho iborat meboshad. In jarayon boyad ba sathi taraqqiyoti seleksiyai rastaniho, ki dar sharoiti imruza imkoniyati harsola tamin namudani bozorro bo navu duragahoi nav faroham meorad, mutobiqat namoyad. Tatbiqi sistemai sanjishi navhoi rastani farqkunandagi, hamguni va ustuvornoki, ki hifzi qonunii navro tamin menamoyad, muhim ast.
2. Baroi baland bardoshtani sifati korho jihati sanjish va baqaydgirii navho dar Barnoma ijroi Tartibi guzaronidani sanjish, baqaydgiri va hifzi navhoi rastani, bozomuzii mutakhassisoni soha jihati kor bo tajhizoti ozmoishi dar ozmoishgoh va mustahkam namudani bazai moddiyu tekhniki va bo tekhnikai kishovarzi (traktorho, kombaynho, olothoi kishovarzi, tajhizoti laboratori) tamin namudani 8 stansiyai davlatii navsanjii jumhuri, az on jumla dar viloyati Sugd (stansiyahoi davlatii navsanjii shahrhoi Istaravshan, Panjakent va nohiyai Bobojon Gafurov), viloyati Hatlon (stansiyahoi davlatii navsanjii nohiyahoi Vakhsh, Jaloliddini Balkhi, Qubodiyon, Kulob) va nohiyahoi tobei jumhuri (stansiyai davlatii navsanjii nohiyai Tojikobod) dar nazar doshta shudaast.

7. SISTEMAI NAZORATI SIFAT VA SERTIFIKATSIYAKUNONII TUHMi

1. Jori namudani sietemai sertifikatsiyakunonii tukhmiho, ki nazorati nav dar qitahoi sanjishi, nazorati kishti tukhmi dar sahro va tashkhioi laboratorii tukhmihoro dar bar megirad, baroi istehsol, korkard va marketingi mavodi tukhmihoi sifatan baland musoidat menamoyad.
2. Ayni hol faoliyati ozmoishgohho dar markazi viloyatho va shahri Dushanbe khubtar gardida boshad ham, dar nohiyahoi durdasti viloyathoi Sugdu Hatlon va nohiyahoi tobei jumhuri tajhizoti laboratori dar ozmoishgohho kuhnayu farsuda shuda, kornoshoyam gardidaand. Nazorati sahroii maydoni kishtzori tukhmi va sertifikatsiyakunonii tukhmi guzaronida nameshavad. Dar khususi mavodi tukhmi boshad, tanho az natijai tahlilhoi laboratori qazovat karda meshavad.
3. Purra jori gardidani Tartibi sertifikatsiyai tukhmi, dodani sertifikathoi tasdiqkunandai nav va sifati tukhmi dar hamai shahru nohiyaho baroi bemamoniat barovardani tukhmi, savdoi baynalmilali va jalb namudani shirkathoi tukhmiistehsolkunandai khoriji jihati rushdi bozori dokhilii tukhmi va sodiroti tukhmi musoidat menamoyad. Marketingi tukhmi dar miqyosi mintaqavi va baynalmilali tashkili ozmoishgohhoi zamonavii nazorati sifati tukhmiro talab menamoyad.

8. SISTEMAI NAZORATI DAVLATII KARANTINI FITOSANITARi

1. Tukhmi dar baze holatho metavonad sababgori az berun voridshavi va pahngardii kasalihoi zararrason va tukhmii alafhoi begonai karantini gardad. Az in ru, sanjishi tukhmiho, makhsusan tukhmihoi ba jumhuri voridshavanda boyad az jonibi Hadamoti nazorati davlatii fitosanitari va karantini rastani purzur karda shavad. Ayni zamon ozmoishgohi markazii Hadamoti nazorati davlatii fitosanitari va karantini rastani harchand faoliyat mekunad, vale zarur ast, ki ozmoishgohhoi zamonavi dar mahalho niz bunyod karda shavand.
2. Tashkil namudani nuqtahoi zamonavii sanjishi sarhadi dar mahalhoi guzarishi sarhad bo borguzarii ziyod dar nazar doshta shudaast. In imkoniyat medihad, ki mavodi tukhmi va mavodi kishtshavandai ba mamlakat voridshavanda nisbat ba mavjudiyati organizmhoi karantini bemamoniat az sanjishi karantini guzaronida shavand va baroi introduksiyai kasaliyu zararrasonhoi nav saddi roh gardad. Inchunin dar Barnoma sokhtmoni binohoi makhsus baroi bezarargardonii (fumigatsiyai) mavodi tahti karantini dar viloyathoi Sugdu Hatlon, VMKB va shahri Dushanbe peshbini gardidaast.

9. RUSHDI SELEKSIYA VA TUHMIPARVARII ZIROATHO DAR JUMHURII TOJIKISTON

1. Dar Barnoma mustahkam namudani zaminai moddiyu tekhnikii barnomahoi Instituti “Ziroatkori” va Instituti bogparvariyu sabzavotkorii Akademiyai ilmhoi kishovarzii Tojikiston, hamchunin khojagihoi khususi dar nazar doshta shudaast, ki surat bakhshidani jarayoni ikhtiroi navhoi navi ziroathoi afzaliyatnok, takmil dodani tukhmiparvarii tijorati va giriftani foidai ilovagiro baroi rushdi minbadai soha imkonpazir megardonad. SHaroiti musoidi khoku iqlimi Tojikistonro baroi istehsoli tukhmihoi bosifat ba hisob girifta, jihati rushdi istehsoli tukhmihoi sabzavoti va rastanihoi oroishii mahallii dar Barnoma zikrgardida baroi sodirot, barqaror namudani robitaho, tahiya va tatbiqi loihahoi granti va sarmoyaguzori zarur ast. Barnomayu naqshahoi korii muassisahoi ilmitadqiqotii marbutai sohavii jumhuri boyad ba ofaridani nav beshtar nigaronida: shavand. Olimonu mutakhassison va rohbaroni khojagihoi tukhmiparvari boyad jihati dar istehsolot vase jori gardidani navhoi navi serhosilu oyandador, tashkili samaranoki tukhmiparvarii onho dar hambastagii zich faoliyat namoyand.
2. Tavre malum ast, tai solhoi okhir ba juz az institutho va markazhoi davlati khojagiho va shakhsoni alohida niz baroi seleksiyai rastaniho marom zohir karda istodaand. Az in ru, bo maqsadi ejodi fazoi raqobatpaziru ozod dar sohai seleksiyai rastaniho, dar Barnoma dastgirii hamai seleksioneroni vatani, novobasta az shakli molikiyatashon, ba nazar girifta shudaast. Baroi rushdi seleksiyai khususi niz dar kishvar zaminai musoid faroham ovarda meshavad va on metavonad baroi rushdi sohai kishovarzi hissai arzanda guzorad.

10. ISTEHSOL, KORKARD VA MARKETINGI TUHMi

1. YAke az omilhoi muhimi baland bardoshtani samaranokii tukhmiparvari takmil dodani agrotekhnikai parvarishi ziroatho va rioya namudani dasturhoi tekhnologi, az jumla istifoda burdani tukhmihoi luchchaki pakhta, sarivaqt guzaronidani kishti ziroathoi galladonagi va istifoda az tekhnologiyai muosiri kishti kartoshka, ki talabotro ba mavodi tukhmi khele kam megardonand, meboshad (zamimai 1).
2. Dar in mavrid imkoniyati baland bardoshtani hissai maydonhoe, ki ba tukhmihoi reproduksiyaashon baland kisht karda shudaand, ba miyon meoyad. Kam namudani meyori kisht az hisobi takmil dodani agrotekhnika hamchunin imkoniyat medihad, ki tukhmii pakhta va galla sarfa karda shuda, ziyodatii on baroi istehsoli ravgan va ozuqavori istifoda gardad.
3. Islohoti sohai kishovarzi jihati rushdi bakhshi khususi, az jumla rushdi tukhmiparvarii tijorati va jalb namudani sarmoyaguzorii khoriji ba in bakhsh sharoiti musoid faroham meorad.
4. Istifodai tukhmihoi reproduksiyaashon baland va rioyai agrotekhnikai on imkoniyat medihad, ki hosilnokii ziroathoi kishovarzi afzoish doda shuda, sifati mahsuloti istehsolshavanda baland bardoshta shavad. Az in ru, dar Barnoma ba roh mondani tukhmiparvarii ibtidoi va batadrij ziyod namudani maydonho bo tukhmihoi kishtshavandai eliti (to 10-15 foiz), peshnihod namudani subsidiya ba istehsolkunandagoni tukhmihoi superelita va elitai ziroathoi kishovarzi, az qabili pakhta, ziroathoi galladonagi, lubiyogi, kartoshka va khuroki chorvo dar nazar doshta meshavad (zamimai 2).

11. TUHMII MAVODI AZ JIHATI GENETIKi TAGYIRDODASHUDA

1. Bo rushdi savdoi baynalmilalii tukhmi khatari voridshavii tukhmihoi betamga, makhsusan be tamgai nishondihandai mavodi az jihati genetiki tagyirdodashuda vujud dorad. Ayni zamon dar kishvar yagon ozmoishgohi zamonavie mavjud nest, ki tashkhisi genetikii tukhmiro guzaronad. Az in ru, dar Barnoma tashkili yak ozmoishgoh dar nazdi Instituti “Ziroatkori”-i Akademiyai ilmhoi kishovarzii Tojikiston ba nazar girifta shudaast.

12. TAYYOR NAMUDANI KADRHO VA BOZOMUZII MUTAHASSISONI SOHA

1. YAke az mushkiloti asosii sohai tukhmiparvarii mamlakat narasidani kadrhoi balandikhtisosi sohavi meboshad. Aksariyati kadrhoi dar soha faoliyatdoshta mutakhassisoni nisbatan kalonsol meboshand. Az in ru, dar Barnoma tayyor namudani mutakhassisoni javon va bozomuzii kadrhoi sohai seleksiya va tukhmiparvari dar dokhili mamlakat va khoriji kishvar, khamchunin jalb namudani mutakhassisoni javon bo rohi baland bardoshtani manfiati onho peshbini shudaast.
2. Tayyor namudanu bozomuzii kadrhoi sohai seleksiya va tukhmiparvarii ziroathoi afzaliyatnok (pakhta, gandum, kartoshka va khuroki chorvo) dar Donishgohi agrarii Tojikiston va Markazi millii takmili ikhtisosi Vazorati kishovarzii Jumkhurii Tojikiston bo rohi guzaronidani treningho, safarhoi talimiyu shinosoi, kurshoi takmili ikhtisos ba roh monda meshavad.

13. TAMINI AMNIYATI TUHMi: TASISI FONDHOI DAVLATi VA SUGURTAVII TUHMi

1. Barnoma tahiya namudani Tartibi tashkil va istifodai fondi davlatii tukhmiro dar nazar dorad, ki dar on boyad tashkil namudani fondi davlatii tukhmi, oid ba kharidi tukhmihoi khushsifat az dokhil va khoriji kishvar, nigohdori, istifodabarii maqsadnoki tukhmi az tarafi subekthoi khojagidori, gardishi fondi davlatii tukhmi, judo namudani tukhmi ba khojagihoi az ofathoi tabii zarardida va digar omilhoe, ki ba rushdi soha musoidat menamoyand, ba inobat girifta shavand.
2. Az hisobi zakhirahoi tukhmii fondi davlatii ba furush narafta va tukhmii dar subekthoi khojagidori boqimonda fondi sugurtavii tukhmi tashkil karda meshavad. Tartibi tashakkul va istifodai fondi sugurtavii tukhmiro maqomi vakolatdori davlati dar sohai kishovarzi muqarrar menamoyad.

14. TATBIQI BARNOMA

1. Baroi noil gardidan ba hadafhoi Barnoma va tatbiqi strategiya va siyosati Hukumati Jumhurii Tojikiston oid ba rushdi seleksiya va tukhmiparvari ijroi vazifahoi zerin dar nazar doshta shudaast:

– mustahkam namudani zaminai moddiyu tekhniki va iqtidori ilmii pajuhishgohhoi tadqiqoti dar sohai seleksiya va tukhmiparvarii ibtidoii ziroathoi afzaliyatnok – pakhta, gandum, kartoshka, ziroathoi khuroki chorvo va darakhtoni mevador;

– dar barobari bakhshi jamiyati inkishof dodani seleksiyai khususii rastaniho va jori namudani sistemai jamovarii haqqi muallifii seleksioneron;

– bo maqsadi istehsoli tukhmihoi khushsifat va peshgiri namudani omekhtashavii tukhmiho, dar har yak mintaqa yo dar zaminai korkhonahoi pakhtatozakuni tashkil namudani khathoi makhsusi korkardi tukhmii pakhta, tahti nazorati doimii Vazorati kishovarzi;

– tashkili khojagihoi tukhmiparvarii eliti dar zaminai khojagihoi mavjudai tukhmiparvari va parvarishkhonaho (darakhtoni mevadihanda, oroishi, angur) va mustahkam iamudani zaminai moddiyu tekhnikii onho;

– tashkili istehsoli tukhmihoi reproduksiyaashon balandi (superelita va elita) ziroathoi afzaliyatnak dar khojagihoi tukhmiparvarii eliti dar asosi bastani qarordodho bayni seleksioner va istehsolkunandagoni tukhmi;

– baland bardoshtani havasmandii khojagihoi tukhmiparvarii eliti bo maqsadi ziyod namudani istehsoli tukhmihoi reproduksiyaashon baland bo rohi peshnihod namudani subsidiyaho az bujeti davlati, havasmandgardonii istehsolot va istifoda burdani tukhmihoi sertifikatsiyakunonidashuda;

– dastgirii rushdi tukhmiparvarii tijorati bo rohi peshnihod namudani qarzho, jalbi kumakhoi granti va sarmoyai khoriji ba bakhsh va muhayyo namudani sharoit baroi raqobati solimi bakhshhoi khususi va jamiyatii tukhmiparvari;

– tayyor namudani kadrho va takmil dodani sathi donish va tajribai mutakhkhassison bo rohi guzaronidani treyningho, sayohathoi talimi, kurshoi takmili ikhtisos va gayra.

15. MANBAHOI MABLAGGUZORII BARNOMA

1. Mablagguzorii Barnoma dastgirii rushdi tamomi ruknhoi silsilai tukhmiparvariro bo rohi peshnihod namudani mablagho az bujeti davlati, khudmablagguzori, qarzho, laihahoi granti va sarmoyaguzori, mablaghoi istehsolkunandagoni tukhmi, hamchunin jalb namudani sarmoyaguzoriho ba soha dar nazar dorad.