ARAQ

ARAQ, moei berangest, ki gadudi araqi baze shirmakho va odam ikhroj mekunad. Gadudhoi A. dar ruy, kafi dastu po va zeri bagal joy giriftaand. A.-i odam az 98 – 99% ob, taqr. 0,1% karbamid, kislotai peshob, kreatinin, serin, charb, kislotahoi charb, kholesterin, namakhoi metallhoi ishqori – khloridho (az hama ziyod NaCl – qarib 0,3%), fosfatho, sulfatho va oksikislotahoi aromati iborat ast. Ba ikhroji A. hamesha tarashshuhoti gadudi ravgan niz jur meshavad. Tarkibi A. az vazi organizm, surati ikhroj va miqdori moddahoi gunogun dar khun vobasti dorad. Reaksiyai muhiti A. tursh (pH 3,8 – 6,2) yo ishqori (hangomi tajziyai karbamid va judo shudani ammiak) meboshad. Organizmi odam dar yak shaboruz az 0,5 to 10 l A., goho beshtar az on (dar vaqti kori boshiddati mushakho, baland budani harorati muhiti beruna, vobasta ba miqdori obi nushida) judo mekunad. Hangomi nojurihoi organizm dar tarkibi A. glyukoza (diabeti qand), pigmenthoi talkha, sistin (sistinuriya), bazan eritrositho ba mushohida merasand.
A. metavonad buyi nokhush doshta boshad (mas., A.-i poy), ki sababi on mavjudiyati kislotahoi zudbukhori ravgan ast. Kislotahoi mazkur dar natijai tajziyai bakteriyavii A. hosil meshavand. Hangomi faoliyati sakhti mushakho, khususan musobiqahoi varzishi, dar tarkibi A. miqdori kislotai shir (to 500 mg%) va moddahoi nitrogendor (dar yak shaboruz to 1 g nitrogen) meafzoyad. Nig. niz Araqshori.