ANESTEZIOLOGIYA

ANESTEZIOLOGIYA (Anaesthesiologia; az yun. anaisthesia – behissi, karakhti va …logiya), yak fasli tibbi amalist, ki masalahoi rafi dard va idorai faoliyati hayotan muhimi organizm (nafaskashi, gardishi khun, mubodilai moddaho va g.)-ro tahiya mesozad. Baze usulhoi A. ba tabiboni qadim malum bud. Mas., onho bo maqsadi karakht kardan az mavodi mukhaddir, sharob, taryok va g. istifoda meburdand.
Usulhoi asosii rafi dard, narkoz va behissozii juzi dar a. 19 kashf shuda, minbad taraqqi va takmil yoftand. A. chun ilm s-hoi 50-umi a.20 ba vujud omadaast. Dar in muddat usulhoi navi rafi dard daryoft shudand, asbobhoi narkozi tahiya gashtand; onho faoliyati hayotan muhimi organizmro nazorat karda, marizihoro sarivaqt peshgiri menamudand; doruhoi nav sintez karda shudand. In hama boisi kostani khatari jarrohi gardid, baroi jarrohii darozmuddati dil, shush va dig. uzvho imkoniyathoi zaruri faroham omadand.
A. payvasta bo dastovardhoi fiziologiya, farmakologiya, biokhimiya va tekhnika rivoj meyobad. Vay ba jarrohon imkon medihad, ki murakkabtarin amaliyoti jarrohiro bomuvaffaqiyat ijro karda, baroi zudtar az bayn raftani osori amali jarrohi va shifo yoftani mariz sharoiti musodi muhayyo sozand.
Dar Tojikiston A. solhoi avvali Hokimiyati SHuravi ba vujud omadaast. Saravval ba masoili ilmi va amalii A. jarrohon mashgul meshudand. Minbad dar DDTT ba nomi Abuali ibni Sino tarbiyai anesteziologho ba roh monda shud. Dar aksar bemorkhonahoi shahri va nohiyavi shubahoi anesteziologi tashkil yofta, bo tajhizoti zamonavi va mutakhassison tamin karda shudand. Olimoni jumhuri dar halli usulhoi A.-i kudakon va muboriza bo tanqisii nafaskashi tadqiqoti amiq guzaronidand. Onho dar sharoiti kuhiston tariqi ba kor burdani karakhtsozi va jarayoni onro omukhta, dafatan A.-i balandkuhiro rivoj dodand.