ANALIZATORHO

ANALIZATORHO, silsilai tashkilahoi makhsusi asab dar hayvonoti oli va odam, ki hodisahoi dar atrof va dokhili organizm ba amal oyandaro dark, inchunin akhbori qabulkardaro tahvil mekunad. Mafhumi A.-ro s. 1909 olimi rus I.P. Pavlov ba ilm dokhil namudaast.
Darki angezahoi dokhili va beruni dar retseptorho – nugi torhoi asabhoi markazshitob (afferenti) ogoz meyobad. Retseptorho energiyai angezandaro ba impulshoi asab meguzaronand, impulsho tavassuti torhoi asabiya ba qismhoi markazii analizator va bilokhir ba joyhoi gunoguni qishri magzi sar guzaronida meshavand. Qismi asosii A. akhborro az atrof qabul mekunand. Inho ba nom A.-i eksteroseptivi (beruni), mas., somea, bosira, shomma, zoiqa va lomisaand. A.-i digar – interseptivi (daruni) holati muhiti dokhilii organizmro nazorat mekunand. Dastgohi muvozinat, takyavu tahrika va saviyai fishori khun zeri tasiri onho meboshand.
Magzi sar tavassuti A. doimo oid ba hodisahoi muhimi biologii ham beruni organizm va ham dokhili on akhbori mufassal va aniq girifta, muvofiqi on «farmon»-i zaruri medihad. Qonuniyati proeksiyai vusatyobanda (ekstensivi) khosiyati mushakhkhasi A. ast: saviyai namoyandagii A. har qadar baland boshad, ba on hamon andoza miqdori ziyodi unsurhoi asabi dokhil meshavand. Unsurhoi asab dar retseptorho az hama kam va dar qishri nimkurahoi kalon az hama beshtar voqe gashtaand; az in sabab qismhoi boloii asabiyai markazi qobiland akhbori rasidaro behtaru sahehtar tahlil kunand. Har kadom analizator dar tamomi saviyahoi asabiyai markazi mintaqai mayyani proeksiyai retseptorhoi khudro dorad. In ba tasiri mutaqobilai A.-i gunogun, tahlili purratari akhbori qabulshuda va ba vujud ovardani tasviri komili olami beruna imkon medihad. Mahz yagonagii tahlil va sintez muvofiqati tasavvurotro bo haqiqati voqei tamin menamoyad. Mas., bui hayvoni darrandaro dark karda (A.-i shomma), ovozi onro shunida (A.-i somea) yo khudashro dida (A.-i bosira) qurbonii ehtimoli nafaqat paydoishi hissi dard va rasidani malumoti ilovagiro muntazir nameshavad, balki vaziyatro purra tasavvur mekunad va muvofiqi on amal menamoyad.
Dar surati ikhtiloli yake az A. (illatyobi, bemori), hamchunin dar jarayoni mashq imkonoti digar A. vase meshavad. Mas., ehsosi shunavoi, lomisa, darki fishor va harorat dar nobinoyon nisbat ba shakhsoni bino khubtar inkishof yoftaast.
Ad.: Orlov R.S., Nozdrachev A.D., Normalnaya fiziologiya, M., 2005.