Rushdu numui rastaniho ba sharoiti muhiti zisti onho sakht aloqamandi dorad. Juzhoi (elementhoi) alohidai muhiti berunaro (ravshani, harorat, nami, tarkibi khok va gayrahoro) omilhoi ekologi menomand. Binobar on, vobasta ba omilhoi gunoguni ekologii muhiti atrof rastaniho mutobiqathoi gunogun paydo kardaand. Gunogunii sharoiti muhiti zist boisi gunogunkhelii rastaniho megardad. Binobar on, …

Dar rushnoi gazi karbonatro furu burda, oksigenro khorij kardani bargho CHi tavre ki qablan qayd kardem, fotosintez ravandest, ki dar rushnoi az moddahoi gayriorganiki ob va gazi karbonat dar bargi sabzi rastaniho moddahoi organiki (qand, ohar) hosil megardad va oksigen khorij meshavad. Rastaniho gazi karbonatro az havo qabul mekunand (furu …

Rastanihoi sabz ba monandi digar mavjudoti zinda moddahoi organikiro ba sifati gizo istifoda mebarand. Lekin farqi onho az digar organizmhoi zinda (zanburugho, bakteriyaho, hayvonot va gayraho) az on iborat ast, ki onho pesh az on ki moddahoi organikiro gizo girand, onro saravval dar bargashon dar ravandi fotosintez hosil mekunand. Rastaniho …

CHi tavre ki shumo allakay medoned, baroi rushdu inkishofi mutadili rastaniho ob, moddahoi madani va organiki nihoyat zarurand. Ob va moddahoi madaniro rastani az khok qabul mekunad. Vale savole paydo meshavad, ki rastaniho moddahoi organikiro az kujo megirand? Dar natijai tadqiqot malum gardid, ki rastanikho khudashon qobiliyat dorand dar ravshani …

Tavassuti mikroskop shinosoi ba sokhti dokhilii pahnaki barg imkoniyat medihad, ki mavqe va ahamiyati onhoro dar hayoti rastanihoi sabz muayyan kunem. Mushohidaho nishon medihand, ki pahnaki barg az hujayrahoi shaklu andozaashon gunogun iborat buda, sokhti hujayravi dorad . Ruy va poyoni barg bo pusti tunuku shaffof pushida shudaast, ki hujayrahoi …

Barg bo hamrohii poyayu navdaho uzvhoi ruizaminii rastanihoro tashkil medihad. Dar barg se ravandi baroi rastaniho nihoyat muhim  fotosintez (hosil shudani moddahoi organiki), mubodilai gazho (gazi karbonat va oksigen) va obbukhorkuni meguzarad. Agarchande bargi rastanihoi gunogun az rui sokhti berunaashon az yakdigar farq kunand ham, onho alomathoi khose niz dorand, …