Dar gadudhoi jinsi inkishofi hujayrahoi jinsi, ki onhoro gameta menomand, ba amal meoyad. Hujayrahoi narina (nutfa) dar nasldon va modina (hujayratukhm) dar tukhmdon inkishof meyoband. Judojinsi az nigohi evolyutsioni bartari dorad. Judojinsi sokht va raftori volidonro makhsus gardonida, hamchun omili navi evolyutsioni, yane intikhobi jinsi tashakkul meyobad va nisbati naslhoi …

Ba beshtari hayvonoti obi va organizmhoe, ki afzoishashon bevosita ba ob aloqamand ast (mohiho, obkhokiho), bordorshavii beruna khos meboshad. Hayvonot dar davrai afzoish mahsuli jinsiro dar shakli hujayratukhm va nutfa bo ob khorij karda bordorshavi dar on jo ba amal meoyad. Dar organizmhoi khushki uzvhoi jinsii beruna inkishof yoftaast; nutfa …

Dar in davr hujayraho shakl va andozai muayyan megirand. Hujayrahoi jinsii modina dar ravandi rasish bo parda pushida shuda, badi purra khotima yoftani meyoz ba bordorshavi omoda megardand. Dar bisyor mavridho, masalan, dar khazandagon va parrandagon, az hisobi hujayrahoi hujayratukhmro ihota karda, dar atrofi on pardachaho paydo meshavand (rasmi 6.9). …

Dar profazai 1 torhoi khromatin (khromosoma) dar zeri mikroskopi rushnoi namoyonand va shakli spirali dorand. Dar hamin davra, agar binoishi mikroskopro kalon kunem, malum megardad, ki har yak khromosoma du khromatin doshta onho bo ham ba sentromerashon chaspidaand. Hromosomahoi gomologi bo ham nazdik va nuqtahoi bo ham muvofiqi onho jafs …

SHalgamcharo dar hama jo parvarish mekunand. SHalgamcha qand. ob, modahoi nitrogeniy, klechatka, vitamini S, namakhoi minerali dorad va binobar in sabzavoti khubi ishtihoovar meboshad. SHalgamcharo taru toza yo bo qaymoq, jugrot va gayra istemol mekunand va az on yakjoya bo piyozi kabud, bodiring, qaymoq salat, tayyor kardan mumkin ast. SHakhsone, …

Lablabui surkhi oshiro dar hama jo meparvarand. Dar tarkibi lablabui safeda kislotahoi organiki, klechatka, 37-41 mg% vitamini R, vitamini S dar bargash va namakhoi minerali mavjudand. Lablabui taru tozai obpaz khususiyathoi shifoi dorad. Onro khususan ba odamoni kalonsoli giriftori kasalii jigar, qabziyat va fishorii khunashon baland, kamkhuni tavsiya mekunand. Baroi …

SHakl, hajm va rangi navi shalgam (zard, surkh, bunafsh, safed) gunogunand. SHalgam sabzavoti tezras va sergizoest. SHalgam manbai vitamini S to 63 mg% ast. Dar on vitaminhoi V1, V2, RR, A (karotin) niz mavjudand. Dar shalgam to 90 % qand, to 2 % safeda, namakhoi minerali va gayra hast. SHalgam …